2022, volume 18

Objective: analysis of modern methods of diagnosis of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), assessment of advantages and disadvantages of surgical methods of its treatment. LSCD is a difficuIt-to-treat pathology of the ocular surface. Currently, there are both therapeutic and surgical techniques aimed at combating this problem. We have analyzed more than 50 research papers with a detailed consideration of the current diagnostic criteria and the main advantages and disadvantages of surgical approaches to LSCD, published in 1986-2020 and distributed in eLibrary, PubMed, ResearchGate. However, recently on the wave of active development of tissue-engineering technology and regenerative medicine, tissue and cell transplantation are becoming a new treatment strategy for this disease. In addition, with the application of newly developed ocular imaging technology and molecular methods, diagnose LSCD becomes more reliable. The analysis revealed that among all surgical methods, transplantation of cultured limbal stem cells is the most promising method of treating LSCD.

Objective: to analyze the relevance of the use of anti-VEGF drugs in the treatment of the proliferative stage of diabetic retinopathy. The literature review was carried out using PubMed and Cochrane Library search engines, the analysis of literature sources was carried out, with the number of 30 published from 2000 to 2021. In patients with these cases, perioperative treatment is a gentler approach forthe anatomic structures oftheeyeand contributes to the reduction in the number of intraoperative and postoperative complications.

Objective: development a "Quality of Life" (QoL) questionnaire for a patient in cataract surgery based on an expert assessment by ophthalmologists. Material and methods. As part of the preliminary stage of work, based on the results of a patient survey, as well as an analysis of the literature data, the initial volume of patient complaints was formed before and after cataract phacoemulsification (PEC), which were transformed into questions (a total of 52 questions). The study was performed with the participation of 47 expert ophthalmologists with professional experience from 7 to 35 years (average 19.2±1.4 years), including experience in performing PEC from 1 to 24 years (average 11.9±1.7 years). The task of the expert was to assess the relevance of each of the questions from the standpoint of the degree of influence on the patient's QoL. At the same time, the assessment was performed on a 10-point scale, according to which 0 points —the question is not relevant; 10 points —the question is very relevant. Results. Analysis of the results included: statistical processing of experts' answers on each of the questions; development of the initial version of the questionnaire (according to the Pareto method), as a result of which 28 (out of 42) most relevant questions were identified); association of similar clinical questions and statistical assessment of the validation (acceptability) of the association. The final version of the questionnaire includes 22 questions. Conclusion. The developed questionnaire fully complies with the requirements of meaningful and constructive validity.

The article is devoted to the research, pedagogical and social activities of one of the prominent Russian histologists of our country of the twentieth century, Professor N.G. Kolosov, a corresponding member of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR and the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, who made a significant contribution to the development of national neuromorphology. From 1945 to 1950, Professor N.G. Kolosov headed the Department of Histology and Embryology of the Saratov State Medical Institute. In a relatively short period of his activity at the Saratov Medical Institute, he managed to lay the foundations of the neuromorphological direction of the Department of Histology, establish a close relationship with the staff of clinics and involve them in research activities.

The article is dedicated to the 30th anniversary of the Department of Dentistry of Surgical and Maxillofacial Surgery of V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University. The anniversary of the Department of Dentistry of Surgical and Maxillofacial Surgery is the time to summarize the work of its employees. The activity of the Department of Dentistry of Surgical and Maxillofacial Surgery is part of the educational space of the V. I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University and involves the training of highly qualified doctors taking into account modern requirements.

The article follows life and career of MD, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Traumatology and Orthopedics Chair, Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, the Russian Federation Ministry of Healthcare Nella Khasyanovna Bakhteeva —trauma orthopedist, scientist and teacher. Dr. Bakhteeva's work is related to pediatric orthopedics. Her research interests are congenital and degenerative hip diseases in children. Her studies had a significant impact on the quality of diagnosis and treatment of this cohort of young patients.

Objective: to reveal changes of microbloodflow parameters by the laser Doppler flowmetry method in the process of wound defect healing and possibility of their application to modernization of the technologies forwound healing agents effectiveness evaluating. Material and methods. The studies were carried out on 25 white rats divided into 2 groups: 10 control intact rats, 15 animals with a full-thickness experimental skin defect. The microcirculatory parameters of the wound skin edges in rats were evaluated with laser Doppler flowmetry. Histological assay of the wound defect tissues were also performed. Results. It was established that changes in skin microcirculation at the wound defect edges were characterized by inflammatory hyperemia, which was manifested by 27% perfusion increase and increase of normalized amplitudes of myogenic, respiratory and cardiac oscillations. Changes in microcirculation are verified by the morphological picture of inflammation, which reflects an increase in the number of full-blooded vessels of the arterial and venous bed, as well as leukocyte infiltration of the bottom and edges of the wound. Conclusion. Monitoring of microcirculatory disorders occurring in the area of skin wounds allows us to assess the dynamics of the reparative process, which can be used to develop and evaluate the effectiveness of existing drug and non-drug methods of stimulating regeneration.

Objective: to reveal the features of anatomical structure of the lower jaw of fetuses of second trimester. Material and methods. The lower jaw of 45 human male and female fetuses of the second trimester has been researched using the method of ultrasound scanning and using the morphological techniques: morphometry and macromicroscopic preparation. Results. The average length of the alveolar arch was 64.1 ±3.6 mm, the average angular width was 30.2±4.0 mm, the average projection length was 24.8±3.5 mm, the average height of branch was 21.1±3.1 mm, the average smallest width of branch was 12.2±1.3 mm. The angle of the lower jaw was equal to an average of 127.2±9.8° with a range of values: from 115 to 156°. According to the long-latitudinal index (LLI) the fetuses had two forms: mesomandibular (39%) and leptomandibular (61%). The shape of the branch of all lower jaws according to the latitude-altitudinal index (LAI) was platyramimandibular. The significant gender differences for the mandibular angle, projection length, angular width (p=0.026; 0.046; 0.039, respectively) were found. The female fetuses were dominated by the angle and projection length, while the male fetuses were dominated by the angular width. Conclusion. Features of the anatomical structure of the lower jaw in the fruits of the second trimester were revealed normally. The data about anatomical structure of the lower jaw of fetuses of second trimester are normally interested for supplement fundamental knowledge about its development in a given age period and has an applied importance forthe detection of congenital malformations, including the use of intravital imaging methods.

Objective: to define influence of patient's expectations and physician's role behavior on character and satisfaction with communicative process. Material and methods. The survey of physicians (Л/=232) and patients (Л/=255) was carried out by means of the authorized questionnaires. The questionnaire for doctors was aimed to identify segments of a doctor's professional activity in terms of fulfilling a given social role. The questionnaire for patients made it possible to obtain data on how stable ideas about the "titular" professional qualities of a doctor influence the nature of communication in therapeutic process. Results. It was revealed that the effectiveness of communication process between a physician and a patient was determined by: trust in doctors (88.2%); high stress level of practitioners (69.4%); time allotted for patient's reception (51.7%); level of patient's perception of medical information (42%). The predominantly conflict-free course of the communicative process is noted (62.7%). The most attractive qualities of a physician from patients'viewpoint were described: clarity and completeness of provided information (100%); respectful assessment of personality (62.7%); conflict-free (62.7%); tolerance (74.5%); openness (62.7%); support (62.7%). Conclusion. There were differences in choosing the model of interaction between a physician and a patient. Increase of practitioners' status as a condition and consequence of communication with patients was differentiated by physicians as a need for legal protection of professional activity, a decent pension, an enhance of doctor's professional prestige, and an improvement of working conditions; patients determined it as physicians' adherence to ethical standards in communicating with patients, increase of doctor's professionalism.

Objective: to analyze the quality of life of rural healthcare doctors in the Saratov region. Material and methods. 327 doctors working in regional medical organizations of the Saratov region took part in the survey. The respondents' quality of life was assessed using the Russian-language version of WHOQOL-100 (World Health Organization Quality of Life questionnaire with 100 items). Results. The lowest values of the respondents' average quality of life indicators were recorded in the sub-sphere F18 "Financial resources" (10.19±1.20). The highest values of the respondents' average quality of life indicators were established in the sub-spheres: F9 "Mobility" (16.26±1.24), F12 "Ability to work" (16.06±0.90) and F13 "Personal relations" (16.26±0.81). There were no significant gender and age differences in the quality of life of the respondents (p>0.05). Conclusion. An analysis of the quality of life of doctors in rural health care in the Saratov region revealed a decrease in its indicators in all areas and sub-spheres of the WHOQOL-100. The results of the study prove the impact on the quality of life of rural healthcare doctors of their professional activities and living conditions in rural areas.