2022, volume 18
15th anniversary of the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology of the Saratov State Medical University named after V.I. Razumovsky
Heading: Scientific schools, commemorative dates Article type:
Authors: Eremin A.V., Bugaeva I.O., Durnova N.A., Tupikin D.V., Arkhangelskaya A.A., Koltygo E.I., Tsyganova I.V., Romanteeva Yu.V.
Organization: Saratov State Medical University
The article is devoted to the 15th anniversary of the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology of the Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky. The 15th anniversary of the Department is the time to sum up the results of the work of its employees. The activity of the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biotechnology is part of the educational space of the university and involves the training of highly qualified pharmacists taking into account the requirements of modern realities.
Igor A. Norkin — outstanding scientist, practitioner, innovator and facilitator of medical science and healthcare
Heading: Anniversaries Article type:
Authors: Ostrovskiy V.V., Ulyanov V.Yu., Puchinyan D.M., Grishin S.E., Fedonnikov A.S.
Organization: Saratov State Medical University
The article follows the contribution to the development of Russian traumatology and orthopedics as well as medical science and practice of Igor A. Norkin, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Traumatology and Orthopedics of the Saratov State Medical University n. a. V. I. Razumovsky, and his bright activity as an orthopedist, scientist and teacher, medical science and healthcare facilitator.
The influence of silver nanoparticles concentration in alginate microcapsules on the realization of their effects on morphological changes in periodontitis
Heading: Рathophysiology Article type: Original article
Authors: Savkina А.А., Lengert Е.М., Ermakov A.V., Stepanova T.V., Ivanov A.N.
Organization: Saratov State Medical University
Objective: to evaluate the effects of alginate microcapsules on morphological changes in periodontitis depending on the concentration of silver nanoparticles in them. Material and methods. The studies were conducted on 30 rats divided into three groups of 10 animals: the comparison group — animals with an experimental model of periodontitis; experimental groups 1 and 2 — animals with periodontitis (5 weeks), which were applied to the surface of the gum gel containing microcapsules with high (0.25 M)and low (0.1 M) concentrations of silver, respectively. To assess morphological changes, the mandible was sampled with subsequent examination. Results. In animals with periodontitis, changes in the supporting apparatus of the tooth occur, including fibrillation and perivascular edema in the circular ligament of the tooth, bone resorption with its replacement with connective tissue. The application of gel containing microcapsules with silver nanoparticles leads to a partial reduction of these disorders, in particular, reduces bone resorption and its replacement by connective tissue. Destructive changes in periodontal tissues when using a gel with a high content of silver nanoparticles (0.25 M) are less pronounced than when using capsules with a low content of silver nanoparticles (0.1 M). Conclusion. Gels containing microcapsules with silver nanoparticles contribute to the reduction of destructive changes in the supporting apparatus of the tooth in periodontitis. The gel effectiveness is increases with a rise of the concentation of silver nanoparticles in alginate microcapsules.
Inflammation and coagulation markers in patients with soft tissue bleeding and severe COVID-19
Heading: Рathophysiology Article type: Original article
Authors: Dzhurakulov Sh.R., Sazhnov D.N., Tagaev N.B., Tashliev K.V., Kiselev A.R.
Organization: National Research Center for Preventive Medicine, Russian Research Medical University n. a. N.I. Pirogov, Saratov State Medical University, О. M. Filatov City Clinical Hospital №15 of the Moscow City Health Department
Objective: to evaluate some inflammation and coagulation markers to be used as soft tissue bleeding predictors in patients with severe COVID-19. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the case histories of 24 patients with severe COVID-19 was carried out. Inflammation (procalcitonin, ferritin interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) and coagulation (international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fibrinogen and D-dimer) laboratory markers were studied. Results. The baseline median of procalcitonin in the died patients was 2 times higher than in the survived patients (0.4 and 0.2 ng/mL respectively). In the group of deceased patients, there was a significant increase in the values of this indicator (from 0.4 to 1.5 ng/ml), in contrast to its decrease in the group of surviving patients (from 0.2 to 0.1 ng/ml). Similar dynamics were observed with respect to other inflammation markers: ferritin, IL-6 and CRP (survived/died subjects [baseline/last measurement]: 663/1020 vs. 550/520 mg/M; 578/393 vs. 263/1000 pg/mL; 25/14 vs. 68/82 mg/L, respectively). Conclusion. The increase in the levels of the markers of inflammation studied by us is associated with an increased risk of bleeding into soft tissues, while indicators of coagulation homeostasis cannot be reliable predictors of the occurrence of bleeding into soft tissues.
Features of the dynamics of blood hemoglobin fractions in patients of the newborn and infancy periods
Heading: Рathophysiology Article type: Original article
Authors: Geraskin I.V., Trofimov V.A., Voennov O.V., Geraskina N.V., Geraskin V.A.
Organization: Privolzhskiy Research Medical University, Nizhny Novgorod Regional Children's Clinical Hospital, National Research Ogarev Mordovia State University, Institute of Medicine
Objective: to determine the dynamics of the levels of blood hemoglobin fractions and changes in their affinity for oxygen in the pathology of newborns and infants, the first months of life. Material and methods. The examination group included clinical data of 204 neonatal patients of neonatology and pediatric departments. 635 studies of changes in indicators of blood hemoglobin types were performed and 125 ratios of fetal hemoglobin (FHbF) with oxygen partial pressure values at 50% blood oxygenation (p50) were analyzed. The dynamics of replacement of blood hemoglobins has been studied, taking into account the dependence on age, gestation period, severity of diseases and intensity of oxygenotherapy. The data were obtained by analyzing medical histories in intensive care, pediatric departments — at the stages of the therapeutic and diagnostic process. Results. When comparing the indicators in the group of premature infants, there is a high level of FHbF — 74.8% and a relatively low level of p50-21.2 mm Hg. This combination forms an increase in the affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen and an increase in the release of oxygen in areas of tissue hypoxia and acidosis. Conclusion. In pathology in newborn children, the formation of the oxygen status of blood and its delivery to tissues occurs under conditions of constant variability in the composition of hemoglobins -in contrast to static indicators in infants.
Somatometric features of boys and girls born in 1986-1990 living in the Penza region
Heading: Human anatomy Article type: Original article
Authors: Kalmin O.V., Lukyanenko D.A., Galkina T.N.
Organization: Penza State University
Objective: to identify the somatometric features of Penza boys and girls aged 16-21 years. Material and methods. The object of the study were 143 girls and 110 boys aged 16-21, born in 1986-1990 and those permanently residing in the Penza region, whose somatometry measurements were included in the registered anthropometric database from 2018. A comparative analysis of absolute anthropometric parameters was carried out, followed by the calculation of the indices of Pignet, Tanner, Erisman, Rohrer, Quetelet II. Results. The median standing height for boys was 175.2 cm, for girls it was 163.5 cm; the average body weight of boys was 71.5±1.3 kg, the median body weight of girls was 55.0 kg. Shoulder width on average in boys was determined to be 39.5±0.3, the median of this parameter in girls was 34.6 cm. The average chest circumference in boys was 95.2±0.8 cm, while the median in girls was 82.1 see. The average transverse diameter of the chest in boys and girls was 28.9±0.3 cm and 24.5±0.2 cm, respectively. The intercrestal pelvic diameter averaged 27.1±0.3 cm and 26.1±0.2 cm in boys and girls, respectively. Boys and girls from Penza had predominantly normal body weight, normosthenic body type, conformity to their sex according to the index of sexual dimorphism, high and medium degree of physical development with a wide chest in boys and a narrow chest in girls. Conclusion. During the anthropometric analysis of the population, reliable somatometric features of boys and girls aged 16-21, typical for the region of the Middle Volga region —the Penza region, were revealed.
Automated map of reproductive losses in the Far North region of Russia
Heading: public health Article type: Original article
Authors: Pavlov Ya.N., Savvina N.V.
Organization: M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University
Objective: to compile an automated map of reproductive losses in the Far North regions of Russia. Material and methods: This article includes statistical analysis of the prevalence and structure of reproductive losses according to the worldwide, Russian, and regional statistics. After describing the general structure of a neural network with a radial basis and a model of a radial neuron, we proceeded to characterization of the error backpropagation algorithm. Hence, our study was based on the normal deviation function. Results. The article substantiates the problem of reproductive losses of the Russian population. On the basis of statistical data, the listing of a neural network program for an interactive map of reproductive losses in the Far North regions of the Russian Federation was built. The obtained data made it possible to identify risk zones in the region. Comparison of indicators for 2000 and 2022 helped revealing the dynamics of change and reporting valid information on the overall increase in the risk of reproductive losses in the region by 17%. Conclusion. We proposed to conduct monitoring of reproductive loss indicators in the regions of the Russian Federation on the basis of a neural information map construction. The compiled map is an interactive map with an assessment of reproductive loss dynamics over the years.
Ultrasound diagnosis of schwannoma (clinical case)
Heading: Neurology Article type: Case report
Authors: Greshnova O.G., Chekhonatskaya M.L., Ilyasova E.B., Bakhmetyev A.S.
Organization: Saratov State Medical University
When soft tissue neoplasms are detected, especially in young patients with minimal neurological complaints, it is necessary to conduct an ultrasound examination to diagnose a possible tumor of peripheral nerves. This article describes the features of the diagnosis of schwannoma, taking into account its ultrasound signs.
The role of visualization research methods in the diagnosis of primary muscle dystonia (review)
Heading: Neurology Article type: Review
Authors: Bushueva О.О., Antipenko E.A.
Organization: City Hospital №33 of the Leninsky District of Nizhny Novgorod, Privolzhskiy Research Medical University
Objective: to analyze the literature data on the possibilities of neuro-imaging methods in the diagnosis of muscular dystonia. This article discusses the results of studies of diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with tractography (DT-MRI), voxel MR morphometry (VOM), functional MRI (fMRI), MR spectroscopy, positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the brain in primary muscular dystonia. The research material was the analysis of literary data published in the PubMed and eLibrary databases. The period of electronic search was 1976-2021, combinations of the keywords "dystonia" and "neuro-imaging" were used. 34 sources were used to write the review. Despite the fact that the diagnosis of muscular dystonia is based on the clinical picture, the achievements of modern neuro-imaging methods can help in the differential diagnosis of primary and secondary forms of muscular dystonia, as well as determining the tactics of surgical treatment. To determine functional neuroanatomic substrates, the most preferred method of neuro-imaging is fMRI with measurement of the functional activity of the cerebral cortex, which is especially important for action-specific forms of dystonia and the choice of treatment tactics in functional neurosurgery.
Physiotherapeutic methods of treatment of cerebrovascular pathology (review)
Heading: Neurology Article type: Review
Authors: Brovko M.A., Chekhonatskiy A.A., Kovalev E.P., Bazhanov S.P., Tsyganov V.I., Krasnikova V.V.
Organization: Saratov State Medical University
Objective: to analyze the data available in the literature on the effectiveness of physiotherapy in cerebrovascular pathology according to the research of specialists dealing with the problems of treatment and rehabilitation of the consequences of diseases in this group of pathologies. To write the review we studied databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Cohrane Library, eLibrary using keywords: "pudendal neuralgia", "surgical treatment", "open decompression of the genital nerve", "pulse radiofrequency denervation". Depth of search —from 1990 to 2022. The number of analyzed sources is 56, 22 of them were selected for the review. This publication presents the main new methods of physiotherapy in the treatment and rehabilitation of cerebrovascular pathology, with the example of stroke and the consequences of cranio-cerebral trauma. Conclusion. Despite the availability of various methods of rehabilitation physio-functional treatment of the consequences of cerebrovascular diseases, there is currently no clear algorithm for their use, and therefore the question of choosing the most optimal method and/or combination of physiotherapy methods remains open.