2022, volume 18

The review presents data on the stages of wound healing and extracted tooth socket in acute and chronic inflammatory processes, cytokine system effect on inflammation character. Objective: to present pathogenic role of cytokine imbalance in extracted tooth socket alveolitis development. Data analysis was carried out on the following Internet resources: eLibrary, Cyberleninka, disserCat, PubMed, ResearchGate, data base of Journal «Medical Immunology» (48 references from 2000 until 2021 years). Based on the analysis, it was concluded that the pathophysiological mechanisms of alveolitis development, based on cellular and molecular-biochemical reactions, haven't been studied enough, the data on this issue are fragmentary and contradictory, there are no laboratory criteria for early detection of disease, warning of initial stage of development of an inflammatory complication and allowing to create its preventive pathogenetic treatment.

Objective: develop a dental prevention program for preschool children. Material and methods. 270 children were examined, including 3-year-olds — 120, 6-year-olds — 150. Groups: I (control) — 60 children of three years and 75 six years, a set of preventive measures included professional oral hygiene and training in individual oral hygiene; Group II — 60 children of three and 75 six years old, including professional oral hygiene, training in individual oral hygiene, brushing their teeth with pastes, with a fluoride content of 1000 ppm and applying Belak-F fluorolac (VladMiVa) to their teeth. At the beginning of the study and after 12 months, the intensity of caries kp(z)+KPU (z), kp(p)+KPU (p), hygiene index was determined. Results. The intensity of caries in three-year-old children, according to the kp (z) index in group II, decreased by 0.24, and in the kp (p) index— by 0.3. The intensity of caries in six-year-old children, according to the index kp (z) in group II, decreased by 0.25, and in the index kp (p) — by 0.4. The hygienic index for Fedorov — Volod-kina was reduced in group II by 0.74 in both three- and six-year-olds. Conclusion. On the basis of the results of a study of the hygienic state of the oral cavity in three and six-year-old children, a program forthe prevention of dental diseases has been developed to reduce the prevalence and intensity of caries in children and its complications.

Objective: to analyze the technologies of endothelial keratoplasty (EK), evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each method, including Pre-Descemet's endothelial keratoplasty (PDEK) in the treatment of such corneal diseases. The literature review analyzes published data on modern methods of EK. PubMed database was used to search for articles. A total of 50 literature sources that were published between 1956 and 2020 were cited. Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and Descemet's membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) are popular treatment methods for patients with corneal endothelial pathology, but have a number of drawbacks, such as: low visual acuity due to induced ametropia (DSAEK), donor age limitation and difficulty in manipulating the isolated Descemet's membrane (DMEK). Given the above disadvantages of DSAEK and DMEK methods, the search for alternative surgical techniques is relevant. One of the most recent methods of tissue transplantation for patients, allowing to avoid the above mentioned drawbacks, is PD.

Objective: to compare the clinical visual characteristics of two different models of multifocal toric intraocular lenses (IOL). Material and methods. In a retrospective study, 49 eyes with corneal astigmatism > 0.75 dptr were divided into two groups. In group 1 (n=19), patients were implanted with an open haptic multifocal toric IOL Aery Sof IQ PanOptix Toric (Alcon), and in group 2 (n=30) — BB T MFM 611, VSY (Acriva Reviol). Observations were carried out 1,3,6 and 12 months after the operation. The degree of rotation of the IOL, residual spherical refraction and astigmatism, as well as uncorrected visual acuity near and far were evaluated. Results. There were no differences between the two groups in terms of uncorrected visual acuity in the distance (p=0.382), spherical equivalent (p=0.174), degree of astigmatism (p=0.062), degree of rotation (p=0.219) and uncorrected visual acuity near (p=0.712). However, there was a noticeable improvement in visual acuity in the distance (0.3 and 0.1) and near (0.1 and 0.1) compared with preoperative values in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Conclusion. Both lenses have shown comparable high clinical results, which suggests that it is possible to effectively correct astigmatism and provide sufficient uncorrected visual acuity at any distance.