2023, volume 19

Laser keratomileusis in situ (LASIK) is the most common refractive surgery in young patients, the goal of which is to provide high distance vision without the use of glasses. One of the topical aspects of assessing the clinical effectiveness of LASIK is the dynamics of the accommodative function of the eye, which is a professionally significant function of the visual analyzer in patients with visually stressful work (VSW). Three clinical cases are presented, reflecting various states of accommodation (normal, habitual excessive tension of accommodation, asthenic form of accommodative asthenopia), diagnosed (based on the method of objective accommodation and the "quality of life" questionnaire "Computer visual syndrome — 22" in patients with VSW before LASIK. It was determined that that LASIK for various degrees of myopia in patients with VSW requires a comprehensive consideration from the standpoint of diagnosis and (or) correction of accommodative asthenopia based on a personalized approach that takes into account the main types of asthenopia. Correct diagnostics provides adequate treatment from the standpoint of choosing both the actual method (physical factor) and the required optical, amplitude and time parameters of exposure.

Objective: to compare the effectiveness of new method of sensory fusion recovery in patients with personalized adjustment of the frequency of alternation of liquid crystal glasses (LCG) compared with the empirical selection of the frequency of alternation. Material and methods. The study included 39 patients with concomitant convergent strabismus with orthotropy and no sensory fusion after surgical treatment of strabismus, who were prescribed LCG. The glasses were programmed empirically at 2 Hz in 21 patients (empiric group), in 18 patients — using the developed formula for calculating the frequency of alternation of LCG (calculated group). The compared groups did not differ in gender, age, visual acuity, and other characteristics. Results. Recovery of sensory fusion occurred more often with LCG in calculated group (16 patients, 88.9%) than in empiric group (9 patients, 42.9%), the difference is highly reliable (p=0.001). Conclusions. Anew method for personalized selection of the frequency of alternating LCG using video oculography is more efficient than empirical programming for sensory fusion restoration in children after surgery for concomitant convergent strabismus.

Abstract. The article presents the creative biography of the famous doctor, scientist, teacher, rector and president of the Saratov State Medical University n. a. V. I. Razumovsky — one of the oldest and most advanced medical universities in Russia, Head of the Department of Urology and Director of the Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Uronephrology of One-Name University, a worthy successor of the Saratov Urological School, a member of the Presidium of the Russian Society of Urologists, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Honored Doctor of the Russian Federation Vladimir Mikhailovich Popkov.

Abstract. This research follows the scientific career of Professor Daniil M. Puchinyan, who made a significant contribution to the development of Russian theoretical and practical hemostaseology. His name is associated with the designing of a new hemostaseology direction — adaptive (preventive) coagulology focused on considering the reserve capacities of hemostasis system in antithrombotic prophylaxis in patients at risk of postoperative thrombotic complications.

Abstract. The article presents the professional biography of the famous scientist-pathologist, Doctor of Medicine, Professor Galina Nikiforovna Maslyakova, reflecting her activity as a scientist, teacher and organizer at Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky

Abstract. Objective: to present up-to-date scientific information concerning the role of astrocytes in neuroinflammation. A total of 63 publications were analyzed, obtained from Cochrane Library and PubMed using the following search queries: "astrocytes and neuroinflammation", "reactive astrocytes", "neuroglia and neuroinflammation". 45 publications were selected for the review. The analyzed literature was published in the year range of 2000 to 2020. It comes to a conclusion that the role of astrocytes in neuroinflammation is controversial. The cells have both protective and destructive effects. It is important to understand that the activity of reactive astrocytes depends on their topographic location and microenvironment, as well as mediators that are secreted by CNS resident and non-resident cells. Understanding the role of astrocytes in neuroinflammation and their regulatory mechanisms is necessary for the implementation of their therapeutic potential.

Abstract. Objective: to estimate the peculiarities of cellular infiltrate of endometrioid ovarian cysts (EC) at various morphological stages of their formation (during evolution). Material and methods. 57 patients with histologically verified diagnosis of ovarian EC were studied; morphologically, endometrioid cysts were divided into types conventionally designated as "immature", "mature" and "old". Inflammatory cells were counted in the EC wall. Results. In the tissues of the "immature" EC, the underlying fibrous layer is represented by loose connective tissue, with a small number of granulocytes, single siderophages. An increase in the number of granulocytes in the fibrous layer along the border of the EC tissue (/-/=17.10; p<0.001; "young" — 8566.0 "mature" — 9719.0), as well as an increase in the number of lymphocytes in the stroma of the endometrioid lining (/-/=38.03; p<0.001; "young" — 6579.0; "mature" -11156.5) leads to a gradual compaction of the fibrous layer, that is the onset of a stage of "mature" endometrioid cyst. Violation of the blood supply to heterotopia leads to depletion of the macrophage pool due to the polarization of macrophages with an increase in the number of siderophages, that adversely affects the state of endometrioid heterotopia in the form of a decrease in almost all cells types: lymphocytes ofthe endometrioid stroma lining (/-/=38.03; p<0.001; "mature" — 11156.5; "old" — 6574.5); neutrophils of the endometrioid stroma lining (H=13.25; p=0.001; "mature" — 9199.5; "old" — 6136.0), neutrophils ofthe underlying fibrous layer (/-/=17.10; p<0.001; "mature" — 9719.0; "old" — 6025.0). Conclusion. The obtained data allow us to talk about the formation of a morphological picture ofthe "old" EC. The change of an acute inflammatory reaction to a chronic one with an outcome in sclerosis facilitetes hypoxia, being the main modulators of the evolution ofthe ovarian EC.

Abstract. Objective: to identify trends students' attitudes to medical activities prior to completing their studies at a medical university. Material and methods. A longitudinal study of the opinion of medical university students was conducted. By the method of questioning with the help of author's questionnaires (two types of questionnaires with 15 questions, adapted to the tasks of the research stages). At the 1st stage, students of those training courses were surveyed, after which it is possible to obtain admission to medical activities as specialists with secondary medical or secondary pharmaceutical education (n=634); at the 2nd stage — students of those training courses who had the opportunity to work on the basis of the received admission (n=586). Results. There was a significant increase in students' awareness of the possibility to implement medical practice as nursing professionals having obtained an admission (from 59.3% to 84.3% of respondents). There were revealed the dominant motives to receive an admission: to get working experience for further professional practice or for residency admission (52.2% and 56.1% out of 100 respondents at the first and second stages of the survey respectively), to apply/work out the acquired competencies in practice in real conditions (42.3% and 34.3% out of 100 respondents respectively). The refore some undergraduates were not prone to obtain an admission and that attitude was explained by the difficulty of combining studies and work (60.1 % out of 100 respondents). Conclusion. Along with raising awareness of students and obtaining admission of 35.5% of students, the proportion of students who do not want to get admission to medical activities classes before completing their studies is increasing.

Abstract. Objective: to analyze the impact of existing cultural and leisure activities in Russia and foreign countries on the lives of older people. 34 sources were used to write the review article, including scientific publications presented on the following Internet resources: eLibrary, Google Scholar, Cyberleninka, published in the period from 2012 to 2022. As a result of the review, it was concluded that there is a wide variety of active longevity programs around the world for the elderly, which help to maintain an active lifestyle, maintain mental and physical activity and be adapted to social life.

Abstract. Objective: to analyze the incidence of temporary disability and take into account the labor factors of workers in the social service sector of a large city. Material and methods. The initial data were the number of employees of the Center for Social Services for the Population "Central" g. o. Samara, cases and days of temporary disability for 2018-2021. According to the compiled questionnaire, a survey was conducted of 150 social workers for a subjective assessment of health disorders, factors of conditions and nature of work. Results. In 2020, compared to 2019, the number of cases of temporary disability increased by 2.8 times, in 2021 — by 2.5 times; the number of missed days increased by almost 3 times, the largest number of cases of temporary disability in 2021 was registered in the group with 5-9 years of work experience (31 out of 128 cases; 24%). When interviewing social workers for the presence of their health disorders and affecting their ability to work, the most common symptoms were those of the respiratory system (56%), the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (16%). It was revealed that the factors of the severity of the labor process correspond to the harmful class of working conditions of degree 3.1, the factors of intensity of the labor process — the harmful class of working conditions of degree 3.2. Conclusion. The identified features of morbidity with temporary disability must be taken into account when planning and conducting treatment and preventive work with social workers.