2017, volume 13

Purpose: the formation of mathematical models and algorithms for predicting the development of depressive disorders in patients based on their individual medical and social characteristics. Material and methods. The substantiation of the urgency of the problem is given. The methods and the course of the research are described. Results and conclusions. On the basis of the data obtained, a set of the most significant medical and social characteristics of patients was formed, an integral indicator for assessing the degree of risk of depressive disorders was developed, a computer program was created to predict the probability of development of affective pathology. Appropriate conclusions had been made.

The aim of the study was to examine cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis with an emphasis on the speed and efficiency of information processing. It was supposed to reveal the patterns of these disorders depending on the duration and severity of the disease. Material and methods. The study included 50 patients with established diagnosis of clinically significant multiple sclerosis, a relapsing-remitting course. The EDSS score was evaluated. Cognitive functions were assessed using SDMT and PASAT-3 tests. All patients underwent a study of cognitive evoked potential. All examined patients were divided into 2 groups depending on the duration of the disease. Results. Cognitive screening tests PASSAT and SDMT showed no correlation with the duration of the disease severity and cannot serve as a tool for screening early signs of cognitive impairment in young patients with multiple sclerosis. A significant increase in latency of the P300 potential was obtained with increasing duration and severity of the disease, which correlates with the severity of cognitive dysfunction. Conclusion. This study is the initial step in the search for a tool for screening early manifestations of cognitive impairment in patients with multiple sclerosis. In the future it is planned to expand the research with the modernization of its design.

Purpose: studying of clinical and tool characteristics of cardiomyopathies at various forms of the progressing muscular dystrophies. Material and methods. There had been 103 patients with hereditary forms of the progressing muscular dystrophies examined, among which 35 persons were with Duchenne muscular dystrophy, 28 with an atrophic myo-tonia, and 40 with a limb girdle dystrophy is conducted. Assessment of clinical and tool features of cardiomyopathies at these types of the hereditary progressing muscular dystrophies had been carried out. Results. In the group of patients with diffusion damage of a myocardium in the form of dystrophic violations had been revealed. Existence of a negative tooth of T in some assignments and lengthenings of an interval of QT is noted. With a dystrophic myotonia violation of a warm rhythm occurred at patients by 87 times more often than in the group of comparison. Violation of a rhythm of heart in group of patients with a limb girdle dystrophy came to light 91 times more often in reference to the group of comparison. Conclusion. Violations in a cardiovascular system at Duchenne muscular dystrophy are preferentially diffusion changes in a myocardium. At a dystrophic myotonia and a limb girdle dystrophy cardial violations concern mainly excitability and the conductivity of heart which are the main reason of developing of this disease at these patients.

Purpose: to establish the nature of the change in the F-wave parameter in patients with degenerative spondylolis-thesis of the lumbar spine, radicular syndrome. Material and methods. 20 patients with a clinical diagnosis of degenerative spondylolisthesis, 20 patients with radicular syndrome due to herniation of intervertebral disc, 20 patients of the control group were examined. Results. Decreased F-wave latency in the group of patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis, no change in F-wave latency in the group of patients with radicular syndrome. Conclusion. A screening assessment of the functional state of the lumbar spine is possible by electroneuromyography

The article provides an overview of the information on the racial peculiarities of some demyelinating diseases of the representatives of Asian nationalities and related methodological difficulties of differential diagnosis. Pay attention to a clinical example of a diagnostic situation.

Somatosensory evoked potentials and cardiointervalometry can be used as additional methods of examination of patients with epilepsy. Aim: determination of relationships between functional state of the brain and stress on regulatory systems, so as to assess the adaptive potential of male and female patients with epilepsy. Materials and methods. 46 male patients (group 1) and 34 female patients (group 2) diagnosed with epilepsy participated in the study. Analyzed parameters included maximum amplitude, total area of somatosensory evoked potentials and cardio-intervalometric parameters. Results. In patients with epilepsy, there is an increase in EAP indicators that suggestive of increased neu-ronal synchronization. However, with hyperventilation physiological probe, male patients demonstrated inhibition while female patients demonstrated stimulating effect of the brain. This tendency persisted in both groups of patients after hyperventilation. Cardiointervalometric findings in female patients were consistent with vagotony, indicative of normal activity of regulatory systems and the autonomous regulation of heart rhythm. Male patients with epilepsy require significant energy in order to adapt to the load, resulting to stress of regulatory systems. Conclusion. Additional methods of examination identify features of the functional state of the brain and stress on regulatory systems in male and female patients with epilepsy. Signs of disadaptation and unfavorable course ofthe disease allow timely diagnosis and improve the quality of life ofthe patient.

Objective: to determine the diagnostic and treatment policy (conservative and operative) in patients with intracranial cysts of various origins. We observed 116 patients with different brain cystic formations. Diagnostic tactics and principles of treatment were refined. The evaluation of treatment results was made.

The aim of the review is try to systematize the innovative achievements of modern epileptology and indicate the levels of diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy that are not sufficiently developed, from our point of view. Applied to epileptology, the innovation process is realized at all levels. In principle, you can divide the entire process into a diagnostic and treatment level. Promising in the diagnosis of epilepsy should be considered the analysis of age characteristics, new methods of EEG analysis and evoked potentials, innovative methods of functional neuroimaging, genetic testing. New anticonvulsants with the original mechanism of action allow to overcome pharmaco-resistance of epilepsy in a number of observations. In rare cases it is necessary to use minimally invasive surgical methods of treatment.

The aim of the study is to turn the attention of specialists to antiphospholipid syndrome (APS), which is of interest to physicians of many specialties. The observation of the patient W., 32 years, with secondary APS was analyzed. Poor prognostic factors in CFA are the high frequency of thrombotic complications and thrombocytopenia, and laboratory markers — the presence of lupus anticoagulant. All patients with APS should be under medical supervision, whose main task is to assess the risk of recurrence of venous or arterial thrombosis and its prevention.

In orderto improve the assistance provided to patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) it is necessary to conduct epi-demiological analysis, the establishment of the register, the clinical analysis. In Rostov-on-Don (population: 1114806 on 01.12.2015) epidemiological analysis of PD is carrying out for the first time. The aim of this study was to analyze the main epidemiological indicators of PD in the population of Rostov-on-Don to support, organize and optimize the system of treatment and preventive care for these patients. Material and methods. The object of study was 661 patients (415 women and 246 men). Results. Epidemiological analysis of PD in Rostov-on-Don has shown that the prevalence and incidence of line with the average for the country. We have revealed the hypodiagnostics at the first stage of the disease. We have also identified gender features: the predominance of women, which is contrary to the results of most studies that have demonstrated the predominance of men. We have found that in 16.9% PD first symptoms were observed in aged under 60 years, i.e. in people of working age. Conclusion. Establishment of a register and the city center of diagnostics and treatment of extrapyramidal disorders has improved diagnosis and quality of follow-up for these patients. It is needed to improve the quality of diagnosis by general practitioner.