2026, volume 22

Objective: identify the most evidence-based health-saving strategies in primary medical prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases. Review methodology. The search was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Scopus databases (2010–2025). The selection was conducted in accordance with PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses)-2020 and PRISMA-NMA (Network Meta-Analyses); the quality of the reviews was assessed using AMSTAR-2 (Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews), and the risk of bias in randomized clinical trials was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias scale. The final synthesis included 31 publications (2010–2025), including systematic reviews, meta-analyses (including network meta-analyses), large randomized clinical trials, and cohort studies. Conclusion. The most proven strategies for primary medical prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases are antihypertensive and lipid-lowering therapies, as well as comprehensive dietary programs. The use of acetylsalicylic acid in the general population is not justified due to the unfavorable benefit/risk balance. Organizational measures increase the coverage of primary medical prevention, but require integration with patient adherence support.

Objective: to determine the episode of occurrence and diagnosis of post-stroke ignore syndrome associated with movement disorders. Material and methods. The study included 100 patients in the acute period of stroke with hemiparesis (49 men and 51 women, mean age 68.0±11.8 years). All patients underwent a neurological examination with assessment using standard post-stroke scales and tests (Catherine Bergego Scale and Sunnybrook Neglect Assessment Procedure) to assess the presence and severity of neglect syndrome. Results. Neglect syndrome was detected in 84 patients, including 36 men and 48 women. In 53.6% of cases, the syndrome was observed in patients with acute cerebrovascular accidents in the left middle cerebral artery basin, and in 46.4% of cases, in the right middle cerebral artery basin. The median score on the Catherine Bergego Scale was 4.0 (1.0; 8.75), which corresponded to mild neglect syndrome. The average score on the Sunnybrook Neglect Assessment Procedure was 39.32±19.6, which also corresponds to a mild degree of neglect syndrome. Both scales have a statistically significant direct relationship with each other (rxy=0.33 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.143–0.493; p=0.001). Conclusion. Neglect syndrome occurs with a high frequency (84 out of 100 patients), more often in the left middle cerebral artery basin. Both scales equally diagnose the frequency of the syndrome and its severity. Neglect syndrome is combined with post-stroke motor disorders, aggravating their severity.

Objective: dynamic assessment of T-receptor excision ring (TREC) and kappa-deletion recombination excision ring (KREC) values in immunocompromised newborns, as well as identification of significant anamnestic factors that may affect the values of the markers under study. Material and methods. A dynamic assessment of TREC and KREC levels was performed in 203 children born at 22–41 weeks of gestation. The primary assessment of TREC and KREC levels was performed using dry blood spots on Guthrie card test forms, while the secondary assessment was performed using venous blood. 79 children whose values were outside the reference ranges were re-evaluated for the markers 2 and 4 weeks after the initial sample collection. Results. In immunocompromised newborns, the values of the markers under study gradually normalize with each week of postnatal development. TREC values are statistically significantly influenced by maternal anamnesis factors such as congenital kidney malformations (p=0.008), spontaneous miscarriages (p=0.004), chronic vaginitis (p=0.015), nicotine addiction (p<0.001), and alcohol abuse (p=0.029), while KREC values are influenced by chronic pyelonephritis (p=0.028) and bacterial vaginosis (p=0.02). Conclusion. As the volume of immunocompetent cells increases, the number of TREC and KREC also increases, and as a result, children with borderline values of the markers in question are classified as conditionally healthy.

The article presents the features of the course of the disease in a child with Wolf – Hirschhorn syndrome (with characteristic clinical manifestations and molecular genetic confirmation), born by emergency cesarean section at a gestational age of 30 weeks; from pregnancy occurring against the background of a burdened obstetric and gynecological history and recurrent herpes infection in the mother; severe neonatal period with broncho-pulmonary and congenital genetic pathology of the nervous system, with manifestations of early neonatal sepsis, followed by addition of hospital infection, septicemia and death from multiple organ complications in infancy.

Objective: is determining the role of iron deficiency conditions in the progression of autoimmune thyroiditis. Review methodology. During the work on the article, scientific literature was searched for the keywords "autoimmune thyroiditis", "hypothyroidism" and "iron deficiency" in the databases PubMed, Cocharane Library, and elibrary in January 2025 over the past 10 years. Conclusion. There is a higher activity of autoimmune thyroiditis against the background of iron deficiency conditions. The effect of iron deficiency on the body's immune responses, as well as on changes in the cell genome, may underlie one of the possible mechanisms leading to the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Iron deficiency leads to the development of hypothyroidism, and also contributes to an increase in the level of antibodies to thyroperoxidase.

Objective: to assess the association of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) gene polymorphisms with hypertension risk in young adults (18–44 years) considering gender differences. Material and methods. 183 individuals (94 men, 89 women) were examined. Four polymorphisms (rs4762 (T174M) of AGT, rs699 (M235T) of AGT, rs5186 (A1166C) of AGTR1, and rs4340 (I/D) of ACE) were genotyped by PCR. Association with hypertension was assessed using logistic regression under five genetic models (codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant, log-additive) adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. Haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analyses were also performed. Results. Carriage of the M allele of rs4762 was associated with increased hypertension risk in the dominant (odds ratio – OR 2.35, 95% confidence interval – CI 1.05–5.25; p=0.038) and overdominant (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.16–5.81; p=0.02) models, with the risk being higher in men (OR 3.84). For rs5186, a significant interaction with gender was found (p=0.036): in women, the A/C genotype was associated with increased risk (OR 1.99), whereas in men it showed a protective trend (OR 0.58). Haplotype analysis revealed a combination of alleles M-T-A-D (rs4762-M, rs699-T, rs5186-A, rs4340-D) associated with an increased chance of developing hypertension (OR 14.59, 95% CI 1.78–119.52; p=0.013). Conclusion. Gender-specific associations of RAS gene polymorphisms with hypertension risk in young individuals were identified. Haplotype M T A D can be considered as a potential marker of increased risk of hypertension.

A clinical case of the Crohn's disease phenotype with unfavorable prognosis factors is presented. The discussion provides a detailed analysis of the disease history and clinical picture, revealing a number of risk factors for an unfavorable prognosis: young age, complicated Crohn's disease phenotype (stricturing form), administration of glucocorticoids at the onset of the disease.

This clinical case demonstrates the difficulties of diagnosing and timely eliminating the developing pelvic abscess after appendectomy with destructive appendicitis at an early stage using laparoscopy, which made it possible to avoid traumatic opening of the abscess through the rectum.

Objective: to determine the features of diagnosis and screening for malignant neoplasms in kidney transplant recipients. Review methodology. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) methodology using the PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases. The search period was from 2010 to 2025. Of the initially selected 54 publications, 40 relevant works were chosen. Conclusion. Screening and diagnosis of malignant neoplasms in kidney transplant recipients differ from those in the non-transplant population. Screening has intensified for a number of diseases; however, for most tumor types, the overall screening strategy, regarding its frequency and composition, has not been fully defined and remains a subject of debate.

Objective: Evaluation of safety and osteointegrative properties of experimental samples of implants with different types of coatings in the experiment in vivo in rats. Material and methods. Morphological study is performed on 60 laboratory sexually mature rats. The materials of the study were samples of 4 groups of groups with various types of coatings based on titanium BT6. Results. The biological compatibility of all samples of implants has been proved. In the group of implants without covering, there was no pronounced bone formation, the stability of the implant remained low by 2 months (2.9±1.1 points on the implant stability scale). Hitosan coating implants showed low stability indicators (1.8±0.1 points by week 2), however, pronounced stimulation of osseogenesis was observed. In a group with antibacterial coating, good integration and small mobility of the implant was noted (3.4±0.3 points by 1 month), apnibacterial coating was preserved for 2 weeks. Conclusions. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan coatings contributed to the acceleration of osteointegration, by stimulating angiogenesis, synthesis of stroma collagen and bone formation, with a full degree of biocompatibility and rapid biodegradation. The antibacterial coating ensured the rapid relief of inflammatory phenomena in the field of postoperative wound.