2026, volume 22

Objective: is determining the role of iron deficiency conditions in the progression of autoimmune thyroiditis. Review methodology. During the work on the article, scientific literature was searched for the keywords "autoimmune thyroiditis", "hypothyroidism" and "iron deficiency" in the databases PubMed, Cocharane Library, and elibrary in January 2025 over the past 10 years. Conclusion. There is a higher activity of autoimmune thyroiditis against the background of iron deficiency conditions. The effect of iron deficiency on the body's immune responses, as well as on changes in the cell genome, may underlie one of the possible mechanisms leading to the development of autoimmune thyroid diseases. Iron deficiency leads to the development of hypothyroidism, and also contributes to an increase in the level of antibodies to thyroperoxidase.

Objective: to assess the association of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) gene polymorphisms with hypertension risk in young adults (18–44 years) considering gender differences. Material and methods. 183 individuals (94 men, 89 women) were examined. Four polymorphisms (rs4762 (T174M) of AGT, rs699 (M235T) of AGT, rs5186 (A1166C) of AGTR1, and rs4340 (I/D) of ACE) were genotyped by PCR. Association with hypertension was assessed using logistic regression under five genetic models (codominant, dominant, recessive, overdominant, log-additive) adjusted for age, sex, and body mass index. Haplotype and linkage disequilibrium analyses were also performed. Results. Carriage of the M allele of rs4762 was associated with increased hypertension risk in the dominant (odds ratio – OR 2.35, 95% confidence interval – CI 1.05–5.25; p=0.038) and overdominant (OR 2.60, 95% CI 1.16–5.81; p=0.02) models, with the risk being higher in men (OR 3.84). For rs5186, a significant interaction with gender was found (p=0.036): in women, the A/C genotype was associated with increased risk (OR 1.99), whereas in men it showed a protective trend (OR 0.58). Haplotype analysis revealed a combination of alleles M-T-A-D (rs4762-M, rs699-T, rs5186-A, rs4340-D) associated with an increased chance of developing hypertension (OR 14.59, 95% CI 1.78–119.52; p=0.013). Conclusion. Gender-specific associations of RAS gene polymorphisms with hypertension risk in young individuals were identified. Haplotype M T A D can be considered as a potential marker of increased risk of hypertension.

A clinical case of the Crohn's disease phenotype with unfavorable prognosis factors is presented. The discussion provides a detailed analysis of the disease history and clinical picture, revealing a number of risk factors for an unfavorable prognosis: young age, complicated Crohn's disease phenotype (stricturing form), administration of glucocorticoids at the onset of the disease.

This clinical case demonstrates the difficulties of diagnosing and timely eliminating the developing pelvic abscess after appendectomy with destructive appendicitis at an early stage using laparoscopy, which made it possible to avoid traumatic opening of the abscess through the rectum.

Objective: to determine the features of diagnosis and screening for malignant neoplasms in kidney transplant recipients. Review methodology. The systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) methodology using the PubMed, eLibrary, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar and Web of Science databases. The search period was from 2010 to 2025. Of the initially selected 54 publications, 40 relevant works were chosen. Conclusion. Screening and diagnosis of malignant neoplasms in kidney transplant recipients differ from those in the non-transplant population. Screening has intensified for a number of diseases; however, for most tumor types, the overall screening strategy, regarding its frequency and composition, has not been fully defined and remains a subject of debate.

Objective: Evaluation of safety and osteointegrative properties of experimental samples of implants with different types of coatings in the experiment in vivo in rats. Material and methods. Morphological study is performed on 60 laboratory sexually mature rats. The materials of the study were samples of 4 groups of groups with various types of coatings based on titanium BT6. Results. The biological compatibility of all samples of implants has been proved. In the group of implants without covering, there was no pronounced bone formation, the stability of the implant remained low by 2 months (2.9±1.1 points on the implant stability scale). Hitosan coating implants showed low stability indicators (1.8±0.1 points by week 2), however, pronounced stimulation of osseogenesis was observed. In a group with antibacterial coating, good integration and small mobility of the implant was noted (3.4±0.3 points by 1 month), apnibacterial coating was preserved for 2 weeks. Conclusions. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan coatings contributed to the acceleration of osteointegration, by stimulating angiogenesis, synthesis of stroma collagen and bone formation, with a full degree of biocompatibility and rapid biodegradation. The antibacterial coating ensured the rapid relief of inflammatory phenomena in the field of postoperative wound.

Objective: the designing of the personalized technique for rotational alignment of the knee implant femoral component. Material and methods. This study is based on the findings of the retrospective analysis of 127 CT knee scans from patients who suffered I–III stages of knee osteoarthritis by N.S. Kosinskaya classification. The anatomical and surgical supracondylar and posterior condylar lines commonly used in preoperative planning for the alignment of knee implant femoral component were defined. A new more precise line designated as the front tangent was also described; this is not yet used in the national practice (patent for invention RU 2819654 С1б 2024). Results. The standard external rotation inclination (3º) is not universal for all patients because the angle between the surgical and posterior condylar lines varies in the range of 1.5º (0.6–4.3º) in stage III osteoarthritis. The analysis revealed statistically significant strong correlations between the angles formed by the anterior tangent and the surgical lines, as well as the anatomical supracondylar line (R=0.9724). These served as the basis for the designing of a preoperative planning technique that rests on the anterior tangent line. Conclusion. The designed personalized technique for rotational alignment of the knee implant femoral component features significant practical potential due to the close relationship of the anterior tangent line with the anatomical and surgical supracondylar lines determined by standard angular measurements.

Objective: to evaluate the microleakage of temporary filling materials used in the dentist practice. Material and methods. 5 groups of temporary sealing materials were selected: zinc sulphate cement, zinc sulphate cement modified by polymer paste former, zinc oxideuegenol cement, modified polymethylmethacrylate, light curing polymer material, glass ionomer cement. For each group, 10 samples of teeth were prepared. All samples were immersed in a thermostat with distilled water and a solution of methylene blue for 14 days. The samples were then sawn along the sagittal axis to evaluate the penetration thickness of the dye. Results. It was found that the color thickness reliably differs depending on the group of sealing material; the criterion of Кruskal – Wallis, H=17.63; p=0.002. The highest colorimetric permeability was shown by the samples from the zinc-sulphate cement group, zinc oxideugenol cement 97% and 52% of the thickness of the temporary filling respectively. In the group of glass ionomer cement, dye penetration along the "seal – tooth" boundary was not observed. Conclusion. The samples from the group of zinc sulphate and zinc oxideuegenol cement showed the highest marginal permeability.

Objective: to evaluate the efficacy of comprehensive treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome using dynamic electrical nerve stimulation. Material and methods. 60 patients with K07.60 "Temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome (Costen's syndrome)" of varying severity were selected. The first group of patients (n=30) underwent comprehensive treatment including dynamic electrical nerve stimulation if there were complaints on pain, the second group (n=30) received a course of 10-15 procedures in the same areas. Before and after treatment, pain was assessed using a visual analogue pain scale, and the severity of temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome was assessed using our proposed method of analogue diagnostics of severity. Results. The severity of pain dysfunction syndrome and the visual analogue pain scale scores after treatment decreased in the first group from 13.33±1.46 and 4.07±0.39 to 0 points (p<0.001), respectively, and in the second group from 13.9±1.62 and 3.83±0.38 to 0 points (p<0.001), respectively. In patients of the first group, after treatment, pathology was completely absent in 80% of patients, and in the second group – in 97% (p=0.047). Conclusion. Dynamic electrical nerve stimulation is an effective method if use it in course for the comprehensive treatment of patients with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome.

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) remains the leading cause of irreversible blindness. Despite achieving target intraocular pressure, most POAG patients continue to experience visual function decline. One of the factors contributing to the progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy may be impaired microcirculation. This article presents an analysis of the results of a multimodal examination of 3 patients with POAG, including standard ophthalmological methods and optical coherence tomography with angiography. The choice of clinical cases is due to the possibility to demonstrate different variants of the course of the disease and the response to the treatment (local drug hypotensive therapy and antiglaucoma surgery), as well as to assess the impact of comorbid vascular pathology on the condition of the optic nerve disc hemoperfusion. The presented clinical observations substantiate the need for a personalized approach to the management of POAG patients with the obligatory assessment not only of the ophthalmotonus, but also of the state of regional hemodynamics, especially in case of a pronounced negative dynamics of structural and functional indicators.