№3, 2022, volume 18

Abstract. Objective: analysis of the influence of the degree of ophthalmoergonomics of visual materials submitted to electronic teaching aids on the risk of developing violations of the functional condition of the organism (FCO), taking into account the difficulty of educational subjects. Material and methods. The study involved 112 primary school students. The study of the FCO was carried out before and after lessons of varying difficulty and ophthalmoergonomics of visual materials according to diagnostic tests: a correction test, a simple sensorimotor reaction, determining the level of the critical frequency of light flickers. Relative risk (RR) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated. Results. It has been established that at the end of difficult lessons, when using ophthalmic non-ergonomic materials, the chance of developing visual fatigue is 2.4 times higher, and the risk is 1.5 times higher, the chance of a decrease in mental performance is 3.3 times higher, the risk is 2 times, the chance the development of fatigue in the central nervous system is 2.5 times higher, and the risk is 2 times higher. When workplaces are located in the zone of visual discomfort, the chances and risks of a violation of the FCO increase. Conclusion. The assessment of the impact of using visual materials of varying degrees of ophthalmoergonomics in lessons of varying difficulty showed a high degree of risk of developing adverse changes in the FCO by the end of the lessons when using ophthalmo non-ergonomic visual material in children whose desks were located in the discomfort zone.

Abstract. Objective: to study the relationship of overnutrition with the level of school anxiety of schoolchildren. Material and methods. The observation group — 46 schoolchildren with body mass index (BMI) above +1 SD, the comparison group — 138 schoolchildren with BMI below +1 SD. A comparative analysis of the content of cortisol and serotonin of blood serum, heart rate variability and the test parameters School Anxiety Scale of Phillips ware carried out. Results. In children of the observation group regarding the comparison group, the level of cortisol was 1.2 times higher, a high activity of the sympathetic department of autonomic regulation (p<0.001) was established, the level of general anxiety at school is 1.3-2.5 times higher, fear of testing knowledge of knowledge — 1.5-2.1 times and the level of school anxiety — up to 2.3 times (p<0.001-0,043). Direct relationship of moderate force between the BMI and cortisol, causal dependencies of the influence of BMI on the likelihood of increasing the fear of the situation of knowledge testing and general anxiety were obtained. A good prognostic ability was established for the BMI in relation to the identification of general anxiety, the average — regarding the fear of the situation of knowledge testing, the value of the cut point for SD BMI in relation to school anxiety was 1.6 SD. Conclusion. Overnutrition is associated with an increase in school anxiety. The problem of overnutrition requires additional involvement of specialists of the psychological and pedagogical service.

Abstract. Objective: to assess the level of hygienic education of young people in Moscow in a pandemic and to determine the main directions for the development of sanitary skills among young people. Material and methods. A hygienic experiment and a survey of students in Google format were carried out. Field studies were carried out in the metro on the Sokolnicheskaya line in the period 05.10.2020-24.11.2020 by observing young people in the conditions of the mask regime and timing of wearing masks by students in the classroom at the medical university and at the clinical base. The survey involved 425 people from medical universities and technical universities. Among them, 231 people completed the full course of vaccination and 84 people recovered from COVID-19. Results. Strengthening the mask regime in the metro in October-November 2020 promoted the compliance of young people with preventive requirements. Significantly more students (69-85%) wear masks during classes at clinical sites than at a medical university (23-31 %). Medical students are more informed about hygiene requirements than technical students; approximately 50% of vaccinated students are not afraid of contracting a new coronavirus infection; 62% of students who have had the disease are confident that their immunity will prevent them from getting the disease again. Conclusion. Educational work among students, combined with compliance with the norms of legislative acts of sanitary and epidemiological supervision, contributes to the formation of sanitary skills among young people.

Abstract. Objective: to assess the relationship of risk factors in the development of pathology of the gastrointestinal tract in children and adolescents. Material and methods. Schoolchildren were divided into 2 groups: group 1 — healthy (n=180), group 2 —with gastrointestinal pathology (n=65). The study had a two-stage character. 1st stage — using the questionnaire method and the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire, 2nd stage — analysis of inpatient records, questioning and examination. Results. Statistically significant identified risk factors for the development of gastrointestinal pathology in group I include low rates of hot food intake in one day — only 40% (p=0,002), as well as the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables in one day — 65% (p=0,006). Risk factors were identified: hot food intake 1 time per day — 40% (p=0.018), fresh fruits and vegetables 1 time per day — 65% (p=0.006). Mouth 2-3 times a week (p=0.033), rotten belching (p=0.032), belching with air (p=0.005), formation of pain in the abdominal region after eating smoked food (p=0.001). Conclusion. The relationship of risk factors that affect the development and progression of existing diseases of the digestive system has been determined, it is recommended to conduct preventive conversations with parents to follow the principles of rational nutrition and a healthy lifestyle, as well as to exclude the development of chronic pathological processes.

Abstract. Objective: to identify the information readiness of adolescents aged 15-17 years on issues of a healthy lifestyle. Material and methods. 366 adolescents aged 15-17 years old, studying in secondary schools (186 girls and 180 boys), were surveyed according to the questionnaire "Adolescents' awareness of a healthy lifestyle" to identify the real level of knowledge in the main sections of a healthy lifestyle, as well as self-assessment questionnaire of their knowledge on the same topics on a 5-point scale, followed by a comparison of the results. Results. It was found that adolescents aged 15-17 are most informationally prepared on the topics of personal safety and injury prevention (88.3% of correct answers), healthy nutrition (86.1%), personal hygiene (85.5%). Low information readiness was noted on the topics of optimal motor activity (68.3% of correct answers), school factors that have an adverse effect on health (72.2%), daily routine (73.8%). When conducting a self-assessment of their knowledge, adolescents rated their knowledge of the daily routine and personal hygiene the highest (4.9 points each), and the lowest was their knowledge of school factors that have an adverse effect on health (3.9 points). Conclusion. Teenagers' self-assessment of their knowledge about a healthy lifestyle did not always coincide with the real level of knowledge. Incomplete information readiness of high school students on healthy lifestyle issues with overestimated self-esteem was revealed, which indicates the need to continue information work with adolescents aged 15-17.

Abstract. Objective: based on a hygienic assessment of the conditions and organization of distance learning, to establish the main risk factors for the health of younger students. Material and methods. 276 junior schoolchildren from St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region were examined. The study of the organization and conditions of distance learning, and the subjective assessment of well-being was carried out by the method of questioning. The study of the dynamics of the functional state of the body of schoolchildren was carried out before and afterthe lesson of the Russian language with ophthalmic non-ergonomic visual material, implemented through an electronic learning tool. Results. Thus, in the group of children, the chances and risks of a change in well-being are higher with an irrational organization of connection to the Internet (RR=1.904, OR=3.139), the development of mental fatigue is higher in schoolchildren who study in an unfavorable light environment (RR=1.809, OR= 5.125), nervous fatigue is formed more often in schoolchildren who study through non-rational electronic means (RR=3.869, OR=24.271). Conclusion. The study made it possible to establish the main risk factors that contribute to a change in the well-being and functional state of the body of younger schoolchildren when organizing distance learning — incorrect posture during training, not a rational type of electronic learning tool, not a rational type of Internet connection and not a favorable light environment in the room.

Abstract. Objective: taking into account the current epidemiological situation, to test and implement in the educational process modern distance learning methods for residents and trainees of supplementary professional education courses and assess their impact on the health of students and lecturers. Material and methods. Questionnaires were administered to 98 residents and trainees and 16 lecturers of the Department of Hospital Pediatrics and Neonatology at Saratov State Medical University n. a. V. I. Razumovsky using a specially designed questionnaire. Results. The results obtained testify to the high efficiency of the use of distance learning technologies in the educational process under the conditions of complex epidemiological situation. A high level of students' knowledge assimilation within the basic professional competencies set forth by the requirements of the educational standard and basic educational programs in the discipline of "Neonatology" for residents and trainees of supplementary professional education was noted. The negative influence of unregulated use of electronic platforms on the somatic health of lecturers has been noted. Conclusion. The practice of using modern distance-learning technologies has shown their effectiveness in a difficult epidemio-logical situation. Further scaling of this experience requires the use of existing regulations on working with computer equipment, aimed at preventing violations of the psychosomatic health of students and lecturers.

Abstract. Objective: to identify the level of anxiety caused by indicators of self-attitude of adolescents and determinants of eating disorder. Material and methods. The study involved 52 adolescents. The methods "Eating Disorder Inventory" and "Taylor's Manifest Anxiety Scale" were used. Results. It was found that in 40.4% of adolescents, the average anxiety prevails with a tendency to a low level of anxiety. High anxiety is observed in 34.6% of adolescents. 50% of the study participants showed a pronounced sign — autosympathy, which reflects the emotional attitude of the subject to himself. Using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, statistically significant inverse correlations were found: the average level of correlation (r>-0.50) between anxiety and global self-attitude, autosympathy, self-interest, expected attitude from others, self-understanding, and also strong relationship (r>-0.70) between anxiety and self-esteem scale. Using the Kruskal —Wallis /-/-test, significant relationships were found in the level of anxiety and eating behavior. Conclusion. The results of the study revealed the presence of a tendency towards eating disorders among adolescents. There is a relationship between personal anxiety and indicators of self-attitude and eating behavior. High levels of anxiety determine the development of eating disorders in adolescents against the background of low levels of self-attitude scales, except for the "self-accusation" scale.

Abstract. Objective: quantitative assessment of health risk changes for the fifth grades students caused by functional disorders and chronic eye diseases (myopia) during primary school education. Material and methods. The assessment of myopia prevalence and a quantitative assessment of the risk change caused by the pathology of the visual organ were calculated according to the data of the child's medical records (before entering school, after the first grade and after the fifth grade) in one of the educational organizations of a large industrial city (for example, Perm). The number of the observation group was 136 children aged 11-12 years (including 56% of boys). To characterize the risk, additional probabilities of pathological lesions to the fifth class were determined and severity coefficients. Results. With an increase in the educational load from the first to the fifth grades by 1.5 times (from 23.1 ± 1.04 to 35.6 ± 1.9 points of subjects difficulty), the prevalence of myopia in school ontogenesis increases by 2.3 times (p<0.001). The risk level increases from acceptable (3.7x10-5 in the first grades) to high (1.1x10~3 in functional disorders and 1.9x10~2 in chronic conditions), which is not acceptable. Conclusion. Using a quantitative risk assessment approach, it was possible to identify a transition from an acceptable to a high risk of developing eye diseases (myopia) among children in primary school. To prevent such changes, the implementation of effective medical and preventive measures is required.

Abstract. Objective: on the basis of a study of the health, organization of the daily routine and activities of adolescent schoolchildren to substantiate preventive measures aimed at strengthening their health. Material and methods. A cross-sectional study of health, daily regime and activities of schoolchildren by questionnaire survey was carried out. The research group included 218 students of 8-10 classes (14-17 years old) of Ekaterinburg comprehensive schools, including 34.9% boys and 65.1% girls. The relative scores in percentages, confidence intervals, chi-square test, and odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval were calculated. Results. Schoolchildren do not follow the regime and have low night sleep (67.3%), use electronic devices for a long time (up to 90.4% at weekends), have low physical activity (63.3%), do not follow the diet (28.4%), do not walk (29.6%). Low self-assessment of health have 42.7% of students (girls more often than boys), report various complaints from 20 to 81.2% (more often from the central nervous system). The most significant factors for the health of schoolchildren were the diet, the duration of night sleep, the duration of self-preparation and the use of electronic devices (OR — 2.1-2.7). Conclusion. It is necessary to train the skills of rational organization of the daily routine and time budget, increase physical activity among teenage schoolchildren.