№2, 2015, volume 11

The article presents the bibliographic data concerning G.A. Koblov and his scientific contribution to the development of neurohistology during the period of his work in the Saratov Medical Institute.

Статья посвящена проблеме речевосприятия: механизму вероятностного прогнозирования как одного из инструментов нашего сознания. В кратком обзоре литературы рассматриваются все этапы речи: от получения звукового сигнала до восприятия смысла высказывания.

The development of high-technological medical care in Russia has improved the quality of rendering of medical aid to the population, but at the same time the lack of efficient, qualified specialists has been revealed. Today graduates of professional educational institution are characterized by the knowledge in theory and inefficient practical experience, while the employer is interested in the optimal combination of these qualities. All of these facts lead to the necessity of introducing into the educational process technologies of dual training as a tool of approximation theory to practice Saratov. Medical University may share the experience of introduction and organization of elements of the complex educational system in the process of realization of the programs of secondary professional education through the creation of educational-productive cluster on the bases of clinics.

The article deals with the issues on improving the efficiency of vertebrology teaching in specialist training at pre-and postgraduate stages. Modern epidemiologic trends for spine traumas and diseases form the increasing interest to the problems of care and prevention of the considered pathology and define the necessity of single-skilled specialists training. Developing vertebrology into a separate discipline that is studied at medical universities at both pre- and postgraduate stages is one of the topic issues for higher medical schools where the search of effective ways of its realization is stressed.

The research objective is rational (optimal) time management in studying the course modules on Advanced Training of Health Care Administrators. Materials and methods. We conducted expert survey of 73 healthcare administrators from medical organizations of Saratov region. Branch-and-bound method was used for rescheduling the educational program. Results. Both direct and inverse problems have been solved. The direct one refers to time distribution for each module of the advanced Training of Healthcare Administrators course so that the total score is maximum and each module is marked not lower than "satisfactory". The inverse one resulted in achieving minimal time characteristics for varieties of average score. Conclusion. The offered approach allows to solve problems of managing time given for education.

Conventional and innovative pedagogical technologies are two intercommunicative aspects of the common specialists' professional educational process and specific stages to highly professional skills. The role of pedagogues has been determined to be very significant as they should distinctly define each pedagogical technologies proportion ratio to promote stable work of graduates from higher medical educational institutions.

Objective: the probable determination of severe sepsis in patients of elderly and senile age with necrotic erysipelas based on a comprehensive assessment (clinical examination using systems — scales and determination of the level markers of SIRS). Material and methods. The analysis of peculiarities of necrotic erysipelas clinical course in 59 patients. The first group consisted of 17 patients with severe sepsis, the second — 18 patients with sepsis without multiple organ failure, in the comparison group —22 patients with local infection. We determined albumin, urea, creatinine, pro-calcitonin of plasma. The scale SAPS III was used to quantify SIRS, scale SOFA —to determine the extent of damage to organs and systems. Results. The most sensitive marker of developing sepsis in patients with necrotic erysipelas was procalcitonin. The second important indicator of SIRS severity in patients with necrotic erysipelas was the blood albumin. Scale SAPS III also allows to select a group of patients with high risk of developing severe sepsis. Use of the SOFA to predict the scale has been found out to be less important. Conclusion. A comprehensive assessment of the severity of the condition by scale SAPS III in combination with determining the levels of procalcitonin and plasma albumin is advisable to apply for prediction the probability of developing severe sepsis in patients of elderly and senile age with necrotic erysipelas. For the last indicator it is important to assess of absolute values and the decrease of its concentration.

В обзоре литературы представлены сведения об отдаленных осложнениях уретеросигмостомии Mainz pouch II, таких, как пиелонефрит и метаболические нарушения. Анализируются механизмы их развития, обсуждаются перспективы прогноза, ранней диагностики и способов борьбы с ними.

Objective: to study pathophysiological mechanisms of local (pulmonary) inflammatory reaction in the sharp and early periods of a traumatic disease of a spinal cord on the basis of an assessment of dynamic changes of cellular structure of a bronchial secret, an alveolar epithelium and a microbic landscape of a tracheobronchial tree at patients with the complicated damages of cervical department of a backbone. Materials and methods. Methods of cytologic, immunofermental and bacteriological researches at 40 patients with the complicated damages of cervical department of a backbone to dynamics studied the contents the neutrofil of leukocytes and alveolar macrophages in a bronchial secret, a mutsin antigene 3GE5 and surfaktant protein D in serum of blood, character of microbic flora of a tracheobronchial tree and its some biological properties. Results. Activation of local (pulmonary) inflammatory reaction in the sharp and early periods of a traumatic disease of a spinal cord is characterized by increase of the contents the neutrofil of leukocytes in a bronchial secret for the 7-14th days, lymphocyts — for the 1-14th days increase in the maintenance of a mutsin antigene 3GE5 for the 14th days and SP-D —for the 1-14th days, allocation from respiratory substrata of opportunistic microorganisms in clinically significant concentration; knocking over — increase of quantity of alveolar macrophages, decrease in the maintenance of a mutsin antigene 3GE5 and SP-D for the 21-30th days and sanitation of a locus of an infection in a tracheobronchial tree. Conclusion. The pathophysiological mechanisms defining changes of cellular structure of a bronchial secret, an alveolar epithelium and a microbic landscape of a tracheobronchial tree in the sharp and early periods of a traumatic disease of a spinal cord play an important role in development of organ (pulmonary) inflammatory reaction.

Purpose: to define regularities of variability of bone structures of a hip joint depending on type of dysplastic coxarthrosis and to develop tactics of total endoprosthesis replacement. Objects of research. 106 patients with dysplastic coxarthrosis of varying severity, passing treatment on the basis of Federal State Budget Institution of Saratov Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics from 2005 to 2014 applying methods X, KT-, MRT-metry variation and statistical methods. Results: According to anatomic features of a hip joint at dysplastic coxarthrosis of various types algorithms of choice of acetabularand femoral components of endoprosthesis, and also tactics of total endoprosthesis replacement in groups of research are developed. Conclusion. The choice of a standard size of an endoprosthesis of a hip joint needs to be carried out taking into account X-ray anatomic features of a hip joint and degree of expressiveness of the dysplastic changes. At dysplastic coxarthrosis of the l-ll types it is necessary to carry out standard total endoprosthesis replacement; at coxarthrosis of the III type —total endoprosthesis replacement in combination with plasticity of a roof of acetabular hollow; at coxarthrosis of the IV type — total endoprosthesis replacement in a combination from the shortening femur osteotomy.