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Problem of postural disorders and obesity among schoolchildren: prevention and solutions

Year: 2026, volume 22 Issue: №2 Pages: 228-233
Heading: Hygiene Article type: Original article
Authors: Mukhutdinova G.M., Valeeva E.R., Stepanova N.V., Karpova M.V., Imamov A.A., Imamova F.S.
Organization: Republican Center for Public Health and Medical Prevention, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia , Kazan (Volga region) Federal University, Kazan, Russia, Directorate of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the Republic of Tatarstan, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan, Center for the Promotion of Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population, Kazan, Republic of Tatarstan
Summary:

Objective: to evaluate the efectiveness of preventive measures that afect the prevention of the development of postural disorders and obesity in schoolchildren of the younger age group. Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of the incidence of children with diseases of the musculoskeletal system (DMSS) and obesity was carried out according to statistical reporting form No. 12 for the period 2020–2024. Screening examination of schoolchildren for scoliosis (Adams test) and obesity (body mass index according to World Health Organization criteria) was carried out in the process of conducting preventive examinations of students in general education institutions with swimming pools and including swimming lessons from elementary grades. Results. During the period 2020–2024, an increase in the newly reported incidence of DMSS in children was recorded by 10.8% (p=0.05), obesity by 30.1% (p=0.001); and the prevalence of DMSS by 14.8% (p=0.026) and obesity by 27.2% (p=0.001). Regression analysis revealed a strong relationship between the prevalence of DMSS and obesity (r=0.963; R2=0.927; p<0.001). The integration of swimming lessons into the curriculum from grades 1-2 contributes to a signifcant increase in the proportion of students with normal body weight by 12.8% by grade 4 (χ2=4.083; p=0.044) and a decrease in the incidence of scoliosis by 11.0% (χ2=3.571; p=0.05) compared with school students who do not use this format of physical activity. Conclusion. Reliable data on the relationship between the prevalence of DMSS and obesity in children have been obtained. The role of the integration of swimming lessons into the educational process of schoolchildren of the younger age group has been established, afecting the prevention of the development of postural disorders and obesity in students.

Keywords: preventive, impaired posture, children health

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All articles of the authors: Karpova M.V., Imamova F.S. , Imamov A.A.

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