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Tissue proinflammatory cytokines in various clinical and morphological forms of periodontitis

Year: 2025, volume 21 Issue: №1 Pages: 19-24
Heading: Stomatology Article type: Original article
Authors: Bagriantseva N.V.
Organization: Yaroslavl State Medical University
Summary:

Objective: to determine the pathogenetic role of tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), interleukins (IL) 1(3 and IL-6 in the development of the clinical and morphologic diversity of chronic apical periodontitis. Material and methods. The study involved 94 patients with apical periodontitis. Clinical, radiographic, and morphological data were used. Lesion samples were taken during apicoectomy, and pulp tissues were taken from removed molars for cytokine analysis. Results. The levels of IL-1 b and IL-6 significantly differed between the symptomatic, asymptomatic, and control groups. IL-1 b in the symptomatic group was 22.03±3.21 pg/ml, in the asymptomatic group it was 14.17±3.34 pg/ml (p<0.001), there was no IL-6 in the control group. 26.38±5.09 pg/ml (symptomatic) versus 12.32±2.61 pg/ml (asymptomatic; p<0.001). TNF-a was detected in 23 cases of periodontitis without intergroup differences. In radicular cysts, IL-1 b is higher than in granulomas(p<0.001). Correlation of IL-1 band IL-6: Rs=0.32(p=0.043) and Rs=0.44 (p=0.026). Conclusion. The key role of IL-1 p and IL-6 in the development of clinical and morphological diversity of chronic apical periodontitis was confirmed. IL-1 (3 level >15 pg/mL distinguishes symptomatic from latent lesions, and its concentration >18 pg/mL in radicular cysts is a marker for the choice of treatment tactics. IL-6 correlates with bone resorption, justifying the use of its inhibitors in refractory forms. The results formed the basis of a protocol for periapical fluid testing for early stratification of patients to reduce the risk of unnecessary tooth extraction.

Keywords: syrinx, periodontitis, granuloma, cytokines

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