2024, volume 20

In November 2024, the Department of Emergency Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Simulation Technology in Medicine celebrates its 50th anniversary. The article reflects the work of the department under the leadership of its four heads: Alexander Terentyevich Staroverov (founder of the department), German Georgievich Zhdanov, Dmitry Vladimirovich Sadchikov, Alexander Valerievich Kuligin (current head of the department).

The article presents historical milestones and traditions laid down by S. I. Spasokukotsky in the development of experimental surgery in Saratov. The procedure and principles of conducting surgical experiments on laboratory animals are described. Twenty years of experience in interuniversity experimental research are summarized, the stages of postoperative treatment of abscesses of various localizations, based on computer modeling of a surgical experiment and modern technologies, are given. It has been shown that combining the knowledge and resources of interuniversity research teams in conducting a surgical experiment makes it possible to achieve better treatment results in clinical surgery.

The article tells about the professional path of an oncologist surgeon, Doctor of Medical Sciences, professor of Saratov State Medical University named after V. I. Razumovsky, who raised several generations of Saratov oncologists — Tatyana Nikolaevna Popova, who celebrated her 70th anniversary in 2024.

Objective: determination of the relationship between the results of in silico and in vivo studies of hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective properties of a new 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative coded AZ-383. Material and methods. Virtual bioscreening of compound AZ-383 was carried out using Swiss Target Prediction programs. The identified biotargets were promising for the pharmacocorrection of a complex of metabolic disorders, which was confirmed in an experiment conducted on male Wistar rats. In vivo, the levels of glucose, total cholesterol, triglycer-ides, ALT, AST, and total bilirubin in the blood were studied; the microarchitecture of the rat liver was assessed after pharmacocorrection of simulated metabolic disorders with the compound AZ-383. Results. The presence of hypogly-cemic, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective activity, and a positive effect on body weight in the compound AZ-383 was revealed. The glucose level reached 7.9±0.4 mmol/l. The body weight of rats after application of AZ-383 was at the level of 378±12 g. Under the influence of AZ-383, an increase in the number of hepatocytes was noted by 17.8%, a decrease in the size of hepatocytes by 7%, a decrease in the area of the cytoplasm and nuclei of hepatocytes by 5.2 and 18.7%, respectively, relative to the control group of animals. Conclusion. An in vivo experiment confirmed the presence of hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and hepatoprotective properties in compound AZ-383, which corresponds to the biotargets determined in silico for this 1,4-dihydropyridine derivative.

Objective: to identify the features of expression of immunohistochemical markers CD3, CD68, CD163 and CK-19 in thymus cells of neonatal children with enlarged thymus who died from infectious diseases. Material and methods. Autopsy material of children of early and late neonatal period (n=33) who died in the hospitals of Saratov city served as the material of the study. The causes of death of children were pneumonia (n=17), sepsis (n=16). Morphologic material was divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (comparison) — children whose thymus gland mass corresponded to the age norm (n=19); Group 2 (study group) — children whose thymus mass exceeded the age norm (n=14). The expression of the following markers was evaluated in the study: CD3, CD68, CD163 and CK-19. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that with increasing thymus mass in its cortical substance the proportion of CD3+ cells increase 2.7 times (p=0.009), the proportion of CD68+ cells increase almost threefold (p=0.009) CD163+ cells decreases by 10% (p=0.005), and CK-19 positive cells do not form a network. Conclusion. Increased thymus mass in children of early neonatal period with infectious diseases is accompanied by disturbances in the processes of migration and differentiation of lymphocytes.

Objective: to identify bilateral and sexual variability, as well as the average morphometric characteristics of the cerebral arteries in children during the first childhood are normal. Material and methods. The material for the study was samples of brain arteries obtained during autopsy of 35 children 3-7 years old. Transverse millimeter sections of the anterior (АСА), wedge-shaped parts of the middle (MCA), pre-communication segments of the posterior cerebral (PCA), intracranial parts of the vertebral arteries (VA) and cerebral internal carotid arteries (ICA) under a microscope determined the external diameter, wall thickness, internal diameter. Results. The above parameters of the arteries in the right and left hemispheres of the brain ranged from 0.2 to 7.9% (p>0.05); in boys and girls — from 0.5 to 15.4% (p>0.05). The average values of the outer diameter, wall thickness and inner diameter were: ICA—2.65±0.04, 0.16±0.005 and 2.33±0.04 mm; АСА— 1.90±0.02, 0.14±0.004 and 1.61±0.03 mm; MCA—2.25±0.03, 0.15±0.005 and 1.95±0.03 mm; PCA— 1.81±0.03, 0.14±0.004 and 1.54±0.03 mm; VA —2.23±0.03, 0.16±0.005 and 1.91±0.04 mm. Conclusion. In the first period of childhood, bilateral and sexual differences in the value of the studied parameters of ICA and main cerebral arteries were not found. In this regard, arterial mean values are presented excluding sex and arterial circle side. In the first period of childhood, the lumen of АСА is 86.0%, MCA—80.4%, PCA—79.0%, VA—79.9% of the size of similar arteries in an adult.

Objective: to assess the readiness of patients for online communication with a medical professional and the demand for medical care in a remote format. Material and methods. 507 patients were interviewed using a questionnaire developed by the author. The questionnaire allows you to obtain data on the respondent's experience in using online communications with a doctor, the respondent's readiness for "digital" visits, the impact of Internet resources on the patient's trust in the recommendations of the attending physician. Results. 30.6±2.1 % of patients use online communications when interacting with their doctor, 40.5%±2.2% would like to have this opportunity. There was a difference in readiness for digital communications between groups of respondents interested in pediatric specialists (parents of children attending children's clinics) and groups of Central District Hospital patients and patients of urban hospitals (p<0.001). The influence of age on patients' readiness for online communication has been confirmed. The most in demand in the remote format were referral services (for tests, hospitalization), especially in the parent group. The study of patients' behavior in relation to the search for a "second opinion" on the Internet showed that most of the respondents are currently not inclined to double-check their doctor's appointments, and the absolute majority of respondents (82.8±1.7%) trust their treating real doctor, and not Internet advice. Conclusion. The results of the study indicate the readiness of the population to introduce digital communications and transfer part of medical care to the digital field, the most in demand were services for registration of referrals to hospitalization, to narrow specialists, tests, prescriptions for medicines that the patient receives on a regular basis.

Objective: to assess the dynamics of the formation of a culture of health and the perception of their own health by schoolchildren on the example of students at the stage of pre-professional medical education. Material and methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Pre-University of Sechenov University. A questionnaire was used to assess the physical, mental, social and spiritual components of health culture. A questionnaire was used to assess the key components of the culture of health: physical, mental, social and spiritual. In 2018, 260 teenagers (171 girls and 89 boys, average age — 16.6±0.74 years) were interviewed, in 2024-702 (519 girls and 183 boys, average age 16.3±0.91 years). The data were analyzed using the Pearson x2 test with Yeats correction, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was calculated to study the relationship between qualitative features. Results. During the period understudy, the share of students with high values of the level of health culture increased by an average of 12.9±5.5% (p<0.01); attaching importance to lifestyle, ecology, rejection of bad habits, receiving information about health from reliable sources by more than 10%(p<0.01), a relationship was found between adolescents' perception of their own health and the professional status of their mothers (2024 —p=0.733; 2018 — p=0.730, t=0.11). Conclusions. An increase in the proportion of adolescents with a high level of health culture has been shown, there is no significant difference in health self-esteem and there is a strong and direct link between the perception of adolescents of their own health and the professional status of their mothers.

Objective: to identify the main trigger mechanisms of carcinogenic factors of biological nature and develop, on their basis, preventive measures to prevent the development of cancer in the population. Methodology for writing a review. A review 50 scientific papers posted in the databases Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, CyberLeninka, eLibrary.ru were analyzed. The electronic search was carried out using a combination of keywords: "carcinogenic factors of biological nature", "viruses", "bacteria", "trematodes", "preventive work", "sanitary service", "oncological morality". The depth of searches in electronic databases and citation lists amounted to more than a 10-year period from 2013 to the middle of 2024. Conclusion. An analysis of the scientific literature showed that the trigger mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the formation of EIT caused by carcinogenic factors of biological nature lie in the ability of infectious pathogens to cause inflammatory reactions, turning into chronic infections that provoke the development of cancer among the infected population. Preventive measures, in the absence of specific vaccination, can be presented in the form of a set of preventive measures aimed at ensuring the sanitary, hygienic and anti-epidemiological well-being of the population.

Objective: to assess the impact of mobile phone use on the mental state of adolescents. Material and methods. On voluntary terms, a survey was conducted of 917 students (427 boys and 490 girls) in grades 9-11, aged 15-17 years, attending all 14 secondary schools in the city Alchevsk. The students answered questions about the nature of their use of mobile phones. Self-assessment and assessment of mental states according to Eysenck (anxiety, frustration, aggressiveness and rigidity) were also performed. Results. There were more students with a high level of aggression according in the group of people who made 6 or more calls per day — 12.0±2.4%, compared with adolescents who made less than 3 such calls — 5.4±1.8% (p=0.013) and 3-5 calls —6.2±1.3% (p=0.029). Similar differences in the group of adolescent girls were 18.4±3.8%, compared with 5.6±1.7% (p=0.003) and 7.2±1.8% (p=0.009). There were more schoolchildren with a high level of aggression according in the group of teenagers who talked on the phone for an average of more than 10 min a day— 11.7±2.0%, compared with their peers who talked for 3-10 min — 5.4±1.1% (p=0.007), and also less than 3 min — 5.1±1.4% (p=0.008). Conclusion. With an increase in the number of outgoing calls, incoming calls, as well as the duration of conversations on mobile phones, the level of aggression among schoolchildren increases. To the greatest extent, this pattern is typical for teenage girls, which can be explained by the longer duration of mobile phone use by girls.