2020, volume 16

The aim of the study is to evaluate the neuroprotective effect of xanthohumol (XN) on experimental models of acute ischemic stroke in vivo and in vitro. Material and Methods. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) are used as an in vivo and in vitro model. The object of the study is Sprag-Dawley rats, which are randomly divided into three groups: a control group; two groups operated by MCAO with and without XN. Primary culture of cortical neurons was obtained from newborn rats. We use the Bederson test and the angle test to evaluate neurological disorders. Results. Preliminary results indicate a possible cerebroprotective effect of XN in an ischemic stroke model. Conclusion. Prophylactic administration of xanthohumol before cerebral ischemia in an experiment can effectively reduce the volume of cerebral infarction and improve neurological deficiency 24 hours after MCAO

Objective: to identify individual psychological characteristics that determine the rehabilitation potential of patients with myasthenia gravis. Material and Methods. A homogeneous group of patients was included in the examination in order to level the effect of the severity of the condition on the results obtained. We examined 25 patients with a generalized form of myasthenia gravis who were in a stable compensated state. The methodology "Rehabilitation Potential of Personality" was used. Quality of life was investigated using the SF-36 questionnaire. Results. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to their subjective assessment of quality of life. First subgroup consisted of patients with low values of the psychological component of quality of life (15 people); second subgroup consisted of patients with indicators on this scale similar to control group (10 people). Main indicators of "Rehabilitation Potential of Personality" questionnaire were compared in two subgroups and a correlation analysis of parameters of SF-36 questionnaire and indicators of rehabilitation potential was carried out. Conclusion. The psychological component of quality of life of patients with myasthenia is most dependent on internal picture of disease and emotional state. By providing targeted psychocorrectional effects, it is possible to increase patient's rehabilitation potential.

Objective: to identify the features of changes in cognitive functions (CF) and systemic hemodynamic effects in patients of older age groups with chronic heart failure (CHF) in various treatment regimens, including the use of low-intensity laser radiation (LILR) and akatinol memantine. Material and Methods. The study was conducted on the basis of the Cardiology Department of the NKZ DKB with direct consultation of neurologists: 120 patients of both sexes (average age 77.3±2.2 years) with heart failure. LILR was carried out on a Mustang-2000 low-intensity magnetic laser radiation apparatus. The following scales were used to assess CF: Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA); Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE); Frontal Assessment Batter (FAB). Results. Patients of older age groups with heart failure receiving combination therapy using LILR have an improvement in CF and quality of life, there is a positive trend in intracardiac hemodynamics, characterizing the processes of diastolic function of the left ventricular myocardium, 6 months after the start of treatment. Conclusion. The best recovery of CF occurs with complex therapy using LILR.

The review presents the results of studies evaluating the eectiveness and safety of rehabilitation using virtual real- ity to restore stato-locomotor function in patients at dierent periods after suering an acute cerebrovascular accident. The analysis of works published for the period 2011–2019 and available for study according to the main scientic data- bases: MEDLINE (Ovid), Amed, EMBASE, CINAHL and PsycINFO.

Purpose: to develop an algorithm for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of a little-known Moya-Moya disease. This disease is manifested by a transient ischemic attack in childhood and subarachnoid hemorrhage in the young. The analysis of the patient's own clinical observation of N., aged 14, with Moya-Moya disease, is presented. The disease debuted at the age of 9, the clinical manifestation was a transient ischemic attack. On the basis of MRI data, lacunar infarctions in "silent zones" were detected. Conclusion. With the introduction of modern methods of neuroimaging in medical institutions, it became possible to reliably diagnose such a rare neurological pathology as Moya-Moya disease and conduct adequate optimal therapeutic measures.

The review is devoted to the analysis of studies on the problem of pain syndrome in adult patients with cerebral palsy. The authors studied the literary sources contained in the databases PubMed, eLibrary, Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE and published over the past ten years. Modern views on the prevalence, etiology, pathogenesis, structure and treatment of pain in adult patients with cerebral palsy are presented. The main comorbid diseases that contribute to the development of chronic pain syndrome in these patients are described. The review focuses on the relevance of the problem, its medical and social significance.

Objective: to evaluate the eŸectiveness of the cognitive rehabilitation program in the treatment of patients with cognitive impairment. Material and Methods. The study included 95 patients in Federal Research and Clinical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, with cognitive impairment, of which 57 were men and 38 were women, the average age was 56.8±7.5 years, and the average duration of the disease was 5.7±3.4 years. Patients were divided into 2 groups: the main one, where, along with drug treatment, the cognitive rehabilitation program developed by the authors was used, and the control one, in which only drug treatment was carried out. Results. The main group showed a statistically signi2cant improvement in cognitive functions on the SCOPA-Cog and MMSE scales, and an improvement in the qual- ity of life on the PDQ-39 scale (p<0.05). Conclusion. Against the background of the cognitive rehabilitation program, patients in the main group showed a positive dynamics compared to the control.

Purpose: introduction of the examination protocol into neurosurgical practice and evaluation of the results of micro-vascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root in patients with type I trigeminal neuralgia. Material and Methods. The results of 86 operations of microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root in patients with primary trigeminal neuralgia were studied. The preoperative examination protocol for all patients included a general clinical examination, assessment of neurological status, brain MRI with contrast enhancement and a cranial nerve imaging program (CISS or FIESTA). Particular attention was paid to the criteria for the diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia type I (classical), recommended by the International Headache Society (IHS) in the International Classification of Headache Disorder (ICHD-3, 2018). The pain syndrome was evaluated according to the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS)from 0 to 100 points before surgery, at the time of discharge of the patient from the hospital, after 6 months and after 1 year. Microvascular decompression was performed according to a standard technique using, in all cases, a retrosigmoid suboccipital access, under general anesthesia. A Russian-made fluoroplastic felt was used as a tread. In most cases (98%), the main surgical techniques for isolation of the trigeminal root were used. Results. The effectiveness of surgical treatment was 95% Conclusion. Patients with a diagnosis of trigeminal neuralgia require examination according to a specific protocol that allows you to determine the indications for surgical treatment. The expediency of surgical intervention (microvascular decompression of the trigeminal nerve root) in patients with type I trigeminal neuralgia has been shown.

Purpose: conducting EEG (electroencephalography) with a cognitive load to identify specific markers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in cerebrovascular pathology. Material and Methods. Object of study: 63 people with a diagnosis of discirculatory encephalopathy (DE), including 36 people with stage II DE and concomitant MCI (group A), 27 people with stage I DE, cognitively healthy (group B). Results. When presenting of a cognitive load in patients of group A, an increase in the spectral power of slow-wave activity in the 6- and 9-range was noted mainly in the frontal, central, temporal, parietal leads with an emphasis on the left (when performing the "Plants" and "Count" tests). The "What is in common" test revealed a statistically significant increase in a-rhythm. The "Word" test demonstrated significant differences in the a-range in the parieto-occipital leads and a statistically significant increase in the 6-rhythm of the frontal leads of the left hemisphere. Conclusion. A cognitive-loaded EEG is a sensitive method for detecting specific markers. The results can serve as criteria for the early diagnosis of discirculatory encephalopathy at the stage of MCI.

Objective: to evaluate the role of a complex of markers of inflammatory processes and free radical oxidation, an immunoreactivity profile, stabilographic indicators in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) for possible use as clinically significant markers of early diagnosis of the disease. Material and Methods. 139 patients with PD, 31 patients as the control, and 11 patients as the comparison with Parkinson's syndrome were examined. The following parameters were evaluated in blood serum: antidodies to NF-200, GFAP, S100, MBP, voltage-dependent-Ca-chan-nel, Na-Choline, glutamate, dopamine, serotonin, Mu-Opiate, GABA receptors, (3-Endorphin; total antioxidant activity; malondialdehyde's accumulation; determination of small, medium, large and giant circulating immune complexes and medium-weight molecules. Postural functions were evaluated using a biofeedback computer stabilizer. Results. Significant differences in the profiles of immunoreactivity, neuroinflammation and endogenous intoxication in patients and in the control group were revealed. The stabilometric indicator of the quality of the equilibrium function significantly varied depending on the stage of PD. Conclusion. The results indicate a possible role of activation of the immune system and neuroinflammation in the process of neurodegeneration in PD. The autoimmune response is specific in nature, progressively changing depending on the stage of the disease.