2019, volume 15

Syringomyelia is a chronic disease with multiple etiologies characterized by a progressive development of longitudinal cavities within spinal cord, which are filled with cerebrospinal fluid or a liquid of similar composition. Etiologically syringomyelia is most often associated with type 2 Chiari malformation. One of the least common variants is an idiopathic syringomyelia. The article describes a rare clinical case of idiopathic syringomyelia with involvement of all spinal cord segments and the outcomes of its surgical treatment using syringo-subarachnoid shunting techinque.

Purpose: to study the prevalence and clinical features of headache among medical students. Material and Methods. 160 students from the medical faculty on their 3rd and 6th years of education were surveyed. The type of headache was determined according to the International Classification of Headache (version 3, 2018). Neuropsychological status of students with tension headaches was studied with use of Schulte test, digital character substitution test, hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), test for determining sleepiness and sleep quality, tests for semantic and phonetic activity and memory. Statistical analysis was performed using MS Excel 2010 Results. The most common type of headache among medical students was primary headache, namely tension headache (78.2%). Migraine without aura (20.5%) and cluster headache (1.3%) were less common. Changes in the neuropsychological status were revealed in students suffering from tension headache. Conclusion. A study conducted among medical students showed a high prevalence of primary headache with a predominance of tension headache combined with anxiety and sleep disorders.

Objective: to study efficacy of using immersive virtual reality with proprioceptive sensory effects in the rehabilitation of static locomotor function in patients in acute stage of ischemic stroke. Material and Methods. The study included 33 patients in the acute stage of ischemic stroke in the carotid system. Patients were randomized into two groups, the main group additionally took exercises in immersive virtual reality with sensory stimulation. The course includes 10 sessions 15 minutes each. The comparison group received standard rehabilitation assistance. Results. According to Berg balance scale an improvement in static locomotor function was noted in the main group on the 6th day of exercises (p=0.03). The differences between both groups on the last day of rehabilitation course showed an

Various autonomic nervous system (ANS) disorders exist in 25-80% of the general population. Seniors affected by chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) are subject to the development of autonomic disorders. Purpose: to carry out the analysis of autonomic dysfunction in subjects with CCI. Material and Methods. Autonomic status was evaluated using autonomic function tests. All patients underwent cardiointervalography. Heart rhythm variability was estimated by mode, amplitude, variation range, power of waves of various frequency, coefficient of vagosympathetic balance etc. as measured by "Rhythm-MET" system. One hundred fifty one patients aged 48-93 years were examined and distributed to three groups depending on the degree of severity of CCI. Results were statistically processed using Statistica 6 software. Results. Patients with CCI had differences in autonomic function parameters which had multidirectional character and were dependent on sympathetic-parasympathetic balance and CCI stage. The obtained data demonstrate that prevalence of sympathetic influence was observed in 52.8% patients with I grade CCI, in 64.8% patients with II grade CCI and prevalence of parasympathetic

Objective: to analyze the prevalence of epilepsy among adult population and the use of antiepileptic drugs (AED) in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) in 2013-2017. Material and Methods. Analysis of prevalence of etiological forms of epilepsy and used AEDs was carried out by analyzing data from annual reports of the neurological service of outpatient and inpatient medical institutions in cities and regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan, data of clinical examination of patients with a reliable diagnosis of epilepsy, as well as data from the Medical Information and Analytical Center (MIAC). Results. The prevalence of epilepsy in the Republic of Bashkortostan for the study period was 291.7- 325.8 case per 100 thousand population, which were most often recorded in central and eastern regions of the republic. The average age of patients ranged from 30.5±1.3to 41.8±0.2year. The ratio of men to women was approximately similar: 1.1:1.0. Cases of symptomatic epilepsy ranged from 82.6 to 46.5%. Among AEDs, carbamazepine was mainly used with a frequency of up to 47.4% and valproic acid with a frequency up to 32.9%. New generation drugs (parampanel) were rarely used (2.4%). Conclusion. The study of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of epilepsy is important for systemic organization of specific therapeutic and diagnostic measures and the creation of a specialized service to improve the quality of life of patients with epilepsy.

Despite the fact that there is still no consensus on concept and use of vegetative vascular dystonia as a diagnostic term in Russian literature, this diagnosis has become firmly established in clinical practice. In this article we have tried to reconcile two competing concepts — psychovegetative syndrome and vascular dystonia — primarily on the basis that both concepts reflect functional disorders of suprasegmental apparatus of the autonomic nervous system (limbic-reticular complex, reticular formation of the brain stem) and have more similarities than differences, which allows us to include them in a general group of somatoform disorders.

The purpose of this review is to carry out the analysis of published data on comorbidity of migraine and epilepsy. The review is based on results of epidemiological and genetic studies. Clinical manifestations of two diseases are in many respects similar, which sometimes leads to considerable difficulties in diagnostics. Differential diagnosis is based on careful analysis of clinical manifestations, electroencephalography and neuroimaging data. Genetic forms of epilepsy are often accompanied by migrainous headaches. The unity of some pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy and migraine predefines comorbidity and directions of diagnostics and treatment for both diseases. Nevertheless, there is a number of questions which demand more precise answers to improve diagnostics and treatment.

The goal of this study was to perform a multivariable analysis of immunobiochemical parameters which reflect the state of nervous system microstructure in Parkinson's disease (PD). Materials and Methods. The study included 54 patients of the main group with a diagnosis of PD and 6 patients of the control group. The immunoreactivity profiles of natural regulatory auto-AB in serum were determined by ELISA using the ELI-P-Complex assay. The following parameters were assessed: ABto NF-200, GFAP, S100 proteins, MBP, beta-endorphin, voltage dependent Ca2+channel, H-cholinergic receptors, glutamate, dopamine, serotonin, opiate, GABA receptors. Results. The study revealed significant abnormalities in auto-AB profiles of the examined patients. Conclusion. The findings on the difference in range of auto- AB dependent on the duration of the disease and the revealed associations with the main characteristics of the disease can be used both for early diagnosis and for predicting the course of PD in the future.

The article is devoted to the scientific and practical contribution of the staff of the clinic of skin and venereal diseases of the Saratov Medical Institute in the study of etiology, pathogenesisand development of modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of rare and chronic skin diseases in the first half of the twentieth century.

The article presents a brief overview of the tuberculosis service's activities, of epidemiological situation in the Saratov region during the Great Patriotic war, and of contribution of advanced tuberculosis evacuation hospitals in reducing the number of tuberculosis cases among military personnel and civilian population in the Saratov region.