2019, volume 15

Department of Microbiology, Virology and Immunology is one of the oldest departments of Saratov State Medical University n.a. V. I. Razumovsky. It has the rich historical experience in the organizing of studies and professional activities of students, which is an integral part in training and education of a modern doctor.

The article is devoted to the 75th birth anniversary of Vitaliy Viktorovich Morrison, Professor and Merited Worker of Higher Education of the Russian Federation. Keywords: V.V. Morrison, anniversary.

The article presents the author's methods of applying business games and working in small groups in the class on the discipline Nursing. The use of active forms of education will help increase the effectiveness of the educational process.

Purpose: analysis of the level of competence formation on the basis of the results of intermediate certification of students at the Department of General Hygiene of Voronezh Medical University. Material and Methods. The article describes the dynamics of the results of intermediate certification of students enrolled in the Department of General Hygiene of Voronezh Medical University, in connection with the implementation of the competence approach. Results. A conclusion about stable results of examinations of students of all faculties for the last years is made. The highest proportion of excellent and good grades was noted among students of the medical faculty. The share of excellent marks received by students of the medical faculty was 17.4-20.7%, by students of the pediatric and medical preventive faculties — 9.6-17.8 and 1.9-17.1%, respectively. The proportion of satisfactory marks among students of the medical faculty — 31.2-37.2%. Most of all the proportion of satisfactory assessments among students of the medical preventive faculty — 51.2-69.7%. The directions of activity of the teaching staff of the department have been proposed, they will allow to increase the level of development of competencies, especially professional ones. These include the widespread use of innovative educational technologies, such as problem- oriented and design-organized learning technologies. Examples of new approaches to teaching in a

The review is devoted to antibiotic prophylaxis of infectious complications in burns. Severe burn injury often results in death. Infectious complications are the most common cause of mortality in these patients. Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis is actively used in practical medicine, but is not recommended by national and international clinical guidelines for the treatment of patients affected by burns. The principles of such prevention have not been developed yet. The data of studies of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis are inconsistent. A number of studies confirm the rationality of use of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis in persons on artificial ventilation with severe burns. This approach has been reported to reduce mortality and incidences of pneumonia significantly. There are evidences of perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis effectiveness in some surgical procedures associated with burn injury. Studies also demonstrate antibiotic prophylaxis and intestine decontamination combination effectiveness in preventing from complications in burn patients. Besides antibiotic prophylaxis, other pharmacological approaches currently are being developed in order to reduce the incidence of infectious complications in burns. Preclinical studies have shown the effectiveness of statins and topical probiotics in the prevention of burn sepsis in the experiment. The development and implication of early diagnostic methods for infectious complications is one another possible way to prevent severe infections in patients with burn injury.

Restoration and regeneration of tissues are complex processes involving a large number of signaling mechanisms. In this study possible mechanisms of angiogenesis during tissue regeneration are presented. One of these mechanisms is the creation of a new capillary layer by angiogenesis. Previously it was believed that high and rapid levels of capillary growth are necessary for optimal healing of tissues. But several studies have demonstrated that a period of vascular regression occurs after the growth of blood vessels in a wound, and the number of the newly formed vessels decreases until the number of the blood vessels is equal to the density of the vascular network in the intact tissue. Reduced inflammation and angiogenesis are features of optimal healing.

Objective: comparative evaluation of skin microcirculatory functional changes over the implantation area of polycap-rolactone scaffolds with mineral carriers: vaterite and hydroxyapatite. Material and Methods. The experimental study was performed on 43 rats divided into three groups: two test groups and one negative control group. Polycaprolactone PCL-scaffolds containing ovalbumine and of no biocompatibility were implanted into the rats of negative control group (n=15). The implantation of PCL- scaffolds containing vaterite under their skin was performed on rats of the first test group, and animals of the second test group were implanted with PCL-scaffolds containing hydroxyapatite. The method of laser Doppler flowmetry was used to study the microcirculatory flow. Results. The constant increase in the perfusion index has been observed in the area of non-biocompatibile scaffolds implantation. Thechanges in local skin blood flow modulation have been also detected. The transient character of local microcirculatory responses with total normalization of skin perfusion and its mechanisms has been noticed by the 21st day of the trial following PCL-scaffolds with vaterite and hydroxyapatite implantation. Conclusion. The dynamic monitoring has allowed finding that mineralization of PCL-scaffolds with vaterite as well as hydroxyapatite leads to no prominent changes in skin perfusion at subcutaneous implantation tests on white rats suggesting the biocompatibility of these scaffold types.

Objective: to identify the features of morphometric parameters of cerebral arteries in adults aged 55-74 years. Material and Methods. As a material of the study we used samples of anterior (АСА), middle (MCA), posterior cerebral (PCA), posterior connective (PCoA), basilar arteries (BA) and vertebral arteries (VA), seized at autopsy 21 corpses of adults who died in old age. External diameter, wall thickness and length of arteries were studied by morphometry. The lumen diameter was calculated as the difference between the outer diameter and the doubled wall thickness. The material was processed by variational-statistical method. Results. The article presents the average values and parameters of variability of the main morphometric parameters of arteries supplying the brain. The results of the comparative analysis with the average values typical for adults aged 21-90 years are presented. Conclusion. The length, wall thickness, outer diameter and lumen diameter of the cerebral arteries in adults 55-74 years are characterized by significant variability. In the studied age range, АСА and PCA are characterized by the same wall thickness; MCA and VAare the same wall thickness, outer diameter and lumen diameter. The wall thickness of BA and VA in the elderly is 28.1 and 17.9% higher than the average value typical for people 21-90 years.

Objective was to study the characteristics of the indicators of the width of the dental arches of the lower jaw at the dolichomorphic form of the skull. Material and Methods. The morphometric parameters of the width of dental arches of the lower jaw have been studied. The work was performed on 28 preparations of skulls of people of both sexes of mature age with physiological occlusion of teeth and dolichomorphic form of the skull. The width of the dental arch was measured between canines, premolars and molars. Results. The maximum value of the width of the dental arch in both men and women was observed in the region of the second molars from the vestibular side. The minimum value of the investigated parameter was revealed in the region of canines on the palatal side. The indicator of the width of both the vestibular and lingual dental arches increased from the level of the canines to the molar level. Conclusion. A significant increase in the parameters of the width of the vestibular dental arch of the lower jaw in men over similar indicators in women was revealed only at the level of canines and first molars, and the parameters of the lingual dental arch only at the level of the second premolars.

Aim: to study key trends in the health status and number of people of military age. Material and Methods. The research materials were official open statistical data and analytical materials of the public health authorities of the Moscow Region, Primorsky Krai and the Russian Federation, statistical data from the Rosstat (www.gks.ru), EIISS (https://fedstat.ru). To solve the tasks in the study, a statistical analysis of the level, dynamics and structure of primary and general morbidity of young men of military age (15—17 years old), as well as dynamic characteristics of the number of people of military age (18- 26 years old) was carried out. Results. The study revealed a negative trend in the number of people of military age (-1,723 thousand people, or-18.5% from 1995 to 2017). The reduction in the number of troops by 2028 will be -43.5% compared with 2010 The overall morbidity among young people aged 15- 17 years from 2006 to 2015 in the Russian Federation increased by 15.2% and amounted to 2247.2. In the structure of general morbidity among young people aged 15-17 years, respiratory diseases dominate in the Russian Federation 33.3%, in the second rank eye disease and accessory apparatus 9.3%, in the third digestive organs (8.8%), on the fourth and fifth musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (7.9%) and injuries, poisoning and other consequences of external factors (7.7%). In the structure of the primary incidence of this category of young people, as in the case of general morbidity, respiratory diseases dominate 47.8%, injuries, poisoning and other consequences of external causes (12.4%) prevail in the second ranking place; on the third diseases of the digestive system (5.7%); in the fourth, diseases of the urogenital system (4.6%); on the fourth and fifth, there are diseases of the eye and its adnexa (4.6%) and diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (4.3%), respectively. The incidence of citizens of military age has pronounced regional features. An analysis of the overall incidence in these regions shows that there is a heterogeneous picture in different regions. Thus, the average level of general morbidity in Primorsky Krai among citizens ofmilitary age in 2006-2015 with certain infectious and parasitic diseases exceeds this indicator in the Moscow Region by 49.7%, and in the Russian Federation by 18.1%; neoplasms by 37.8 and 12.9%, respectively, mental disorders and behavioral disorders by 19.1 and 8.6%; diseases of the genitourinary system by 54.7 and 14.5%; other diseases 5.9 and 5.2%. Conclusions. Negative tendencies of primary (+16.0%) and general morbidity (+15.2%) were detected for almost all classes of diseases, significant regional features of the status of recruits, a negative trend in the number of men of military age (by 2028 the decline will be -43.5% compared with 2010). The level of primary incidence of this contingent is currently 1373.8%o and the growth of this indicator over 10 years was 16.0%. When analyzing the incidence of the studied contingent, classes of diseases require the most attention: eye and its adnexa diseases, respiratory diseases, digestive diseases, diseases of ear and mastoid process and nervous system, as well as the genitourinary system diseases.