№2, 2014, volume 10

The article presents the review of literature for the period from 1987 till 2012. It has been shown that the spread of acute respiratory viral infections (ARI) and the incidence of complications is of great social and economic importance worldwide. Therefore, the identification of etiological factors and associated development of ARI is an urgent task for practical health care. It is of great importance to determine both the type of pathogen and the presence of its pathogenic factors. The etiological agent of bacterial complications of ARI becomes Moraxella catarrhalis, featuring a large set of markers of virulence. In the development of the pathological process in the respiratory tract, adhesins, a number of enzymes and toxins produced by M.catarrhalis are important. It allows to persist and multiply in the body of the patient. Dangerous strains of M.catarrhalis, resistant to (3-lactam antibiotics and characterized by multiresistance greatly reduce the effectiveness of the therapy. Lack of laboratory studies in acute inflammatory diseases of the respiratory tract leads to the reduction of the etiological interpretation of these diseases, inadequate etiotropic treatment and as a consequence — the development of complications that reduces the effectiveness of therapy. In conclusion it is necessary to improve the system of microbiological diagnostics and tactics of treatment of ARI patients.

The aim is to study the paracoagulation phenomenon and stomach erosive ulcerous lesions relationship in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Material and methods. 443 patients with acute coronary syndrome were analyzed. 223 patients had positive paracoagulation samples. Anamnesis, coronary angiography, fibrogastroscopy, paracoagulation sample determination have been studied. Results. Positive paracoagulation samples in coagulogram of patients with acute coronary syndrome in 76% of cases associated with the stomach erosive ulcerous lesions. The phenomenon of paracoagulation is more likely to occur in smokers with diabetes and myocardial infarction (as the outcome of acute coronary syndrome), with multiply coronary arteries stenosis. Conclusion. The paracoagulation products investigation in acute coronary syndrome can be used to prognose stomach erosive ulcerous lesions.

The aim of the study was to assess the quality of cardiovascular pathology prevention among penitentiary employees of the Saratov region using ACCF/AHA (2009) measures. Material and Methods. The data of 1014 employees (829 male and 185 female) aged 33.4±6.8 years were included in the single-step cohort study. All participants underwent an annual preventive health examination in Center of Medical and Social Rehabilitation of Russian Federal Penitentiary Service in the Saratov Region in the period from 01.10.2012 to 01.10.2013. 13 measures by ACCF/AHA (2009) were used to assess the quality of initial prevention. Results. ACCF/AHA (2009) measures revealed deficiencies in the control of the following cardiovascular risk factors in the studied group: low physical activity, high blood pressure and dys-lipidemia. Conclusion. ACCF/AHA (2009) measures were useful for assessment the quality of cardiovascular pathology prevention in organized cohorts (among penitentiary stuff in particular).

Lipids are one of the main components of cellular membranes. Lipids make up 30-55% of the cell content depending on the types of cells. Phospholipids, sphingomyelins, cholesterol, etc. are characteristic to cellular membranes. The composition of lipids of the both sides of the membranes differs. This fact determines asymmetry of the structure of bili-pid layer. The reason for many pathologies is the changes in the properties of cellular membranes with the modification of their components. The study of structure and functioning of cellular biomembranes is essential for many researchers. The condition of membranes, their quality, their quantitative composition and modification under the influence of different factors as well as their interaction with carbohydrate and protein component are of great importance for the functioning of both membranes, cells and the body in general. Analysis and structuring of lipids and their functions in biological membranes are studied.

The aim of the study is to analyze the influence of combination of pyrimidine and 3-hydroxypyridine derivatives — xymedon and mexidol, in comparison with kardioxane on the myocardial bioelectric activity and arterial pressure level in rats with Walker-256 carcinoma at the doxorubicin and paclitaxel chemotherapy. Material and Methods. Experiments have been carried out on 100 Wistar female rats of weight of 150-250 grams. Doxorubicin and paclitaxel were administered intraperitoneally in a dosage of 4mg/kg and 6mg/kg respectively on the 11th day of experiment. Xymedon (100mg/kg) and mexidol (50mg/kg) were administered separately and in combination with each other, starting with the 11th day of experiment for 10 days. Kardioxane was injected in the dosage of 80mg/kg 20 min before cytostatics. We estimated a myocardial bioelectric activity and arterial pressure level changes on the 11th and 22d day of the experiment. The results. Xymedon and mexidol combination has limited the development of myocardial electrical instability comparable to kardioxane action. This combination has prevented the appearance of metabolic changes of ischemic genesis in the heart more efficiently than kardioxane. Xymedon and mexidol have normalized QT interval dispersion corrected by heart rate less efficiently than kardioxane. Conclusion. The combination of xymedon and mexidol has reduced cardiotoxicity of antitumor therapy more efficiently than the separated use of these medicines or the use of cardioxane.

Aim: to evaluate the severity of morphological changes in the liver of laboratory animals with prolonged intake of pegilated gold nanoparticles of different sizes from 2 to 50 nm. Material and methods. The experiment was performed on 240 albino rats divided into 4 groups. The animals of experimental groups were orally administered the gold nanoparticles in a specific pattern. Results. Morphological changes in liver depend on the particle size and the duration of administration. Developing pathological changes in the liver are reversible, as evidenced by the gradual recovery of the liver structure 14 days after administration. Conclusion. The most significant changes in the liver were found in the experimental groups with a 30-day administration of 2 and 50 nm gold nanoparticles that show the size-dependent nature of their impact.

Inflammatory diseases of the paranasal sinuses (SNPs) are one of the most urgent problems of otorhinolaryngology. The number of patients with inflammatory diseases of the UNP remains high in our country and abroad, despite the development and introduction of new advanced methods of treatment. From 15to 36% of patients with sinusitis are treated in the ENT departments. Over the last two decades the SNPs diseases increased more than 10 times in Russia. Therefore the diagnosis and treatment of sinusitis is an actual problem of modern otorhinolaryngology. It is necessary to develop effective, reliable and non-invasive diagnostic methods of sinusitis.

Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of a resorbable membrane «Bio-Gide» in combination with chitosan for guided bone regeneration during the degradation under the experimental conditions. Material and Methods. The histological methods provide the study of tissue samples from 6 adult rabbits from artificial mandible through 14, 28 and 42 days after surgery. In group 1 the treatment was carried out without the use of additional materials, by a blood clot. In group 2 closing of the damaged area was produced by xenopericardial plate «Bio-Gide» in combination with chitosan. Results. It has been established that the conduct of bone wound under a blood clot causes inflammatory response on the 14th day after the operation, to the 28th day inflammation disappears and it practically does not appear on the 42nd day. Closure of the bone defect using xenopericardial plate «Bio-Gide» with chitosan causes lesser inflammatory response. In the long-term period after the surgery inflammatory changes in the implantation can not be detected. Conclusion. Xenopericardial plate «Bio-Gide» in combination with chitosan has a positive impact on the recovery process of the bone defect. Neoplasm of bone occurs, the stage of development of cartilage is shortened. At the end of the experiment period xenopericardial plate is not detected indicating the high rate of its biodegradation.

The purpose of the article is to reveal stereotopometric characteristics of typical variability of angular parameters of cerebral skull and their connection with basilar angle. Material and methods.: Stereotopometric research of 100 skulls of adults aged 22-60 years was performed by means of craniostereobasiometer. Stereotopometric method was used to study the coordinates of craniometric points to three perpendicular planes, which have allowed determining size of a basilar angle and angular parameters of the cerebral skull. Resu/fs.Craniotypes by means of size of a basilar angle — flexi-, medio- and platibasilar types of skull base have been established. Comparative analysis of statistics of creniometric points and angular parameters of a cerebral skull at basilar craniotypes has been carried out. Conclusion. It is established that stereotopometric variability of cerebral skull angles, different direction and the degree of their connection with basilar angle depend on the skull base type.

Aim: scientific basement for the hygienic, medical and prophylactic activities, excluding the adverse impact of the harmful and dangerous industrial factors on the workers' health. Material and methods. It was extensively studied the health of 327 workers who belong to the important for the hygienic investigations professions in the bakery production, experiencing the impact of harmful industrial factors. To assess the subjective characteristics of the working conditions, the labor process, and the health status of workers the questionnaire was composed. The 214 respondents participated in the survey. Results: Analysis of the results of the extensive medical examinations showed that the first place takes the pathology of the organs of the urogenital system — 71.4% (per 100 women). The gastrointestinal tract diseases were also largely presented (62.3%). Among the major disadvantages of the working conditions, according to the respondents, were the microclimate conditions, dust, and poor light (91.2%, 87.6%, 83.0% responses, respectively). Conclusion. It was found that the morbidity among the workers in the bakery production industry had the professional features: the polysystemic and polyorganic pathology. With the purpose of the optimization of the factors of the industrial environment, a set of organizational, technological and medical activities, the implementation of which will allow to reduce the harmful effects of adverse working conditions was developed.