Саратовский научно-медицинский ЖУРНАЛ

Современные взгляды на проблему консервации донорского материала в эндотелиальной кератопластике (обзор)

Год: 2022, том 18 Номер: №4 Страницы: 539-544
Рубрика: Офтальмология Тип статьи: Обзор
Авторы: Ибрагимова P.P., Андреев А.Ю., Ян Ю., Ханова А.Н., Гуджокова Д.М.
Организация: ФГБНУ «Научно-исследовательский институт глазных болезней», ФГАОУ ВО «Первый МГМУ им. И. М. Сеченова» Минздрава России
Резюме:

Аннотация. Цель: провести оценку подходов к заготовке донорского трансплантата в эндотелиальной кератопластике, проанализировать преимущества и недостатки каждого из них. В обзоре представлены работы по задним кератопластикам с предварительно заготовленными трансплантатами современными методами консервации; выборка за последние 16 лет в период с 2006 по 2022 г., публикации доступны к изучению по данным основных научных баз PubMed, eLibrary.ru. В итоговый анализ включены 50 литературных источников. В настоящее время трансплантация десцеметовой мембраны (ДМ) стала золотым стандартом лечения эндотели-альных заболеваний. Данная операция позволяет добиться высоких зрительных функций и является наиболее селективной и патогенетически ориентированной, однако имеет ряд технических недостатков, связанных с заготовкой донорского трансплантата. К данным недостаткам можно отнести длительное время, затраченное на выделение ДМ, высокий риск повреждения и отбраковки дефицитного материала интраоперационно, что требует высоких хирургических навыков. Учитывая изложенное, в клинической практике стали зарождаться подходы к предварительной консервации ДМ, которые компенсируют время в операционной, снижают рискятрогенного повреждения донорского материала

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