2025, volume 21

Objective: to determine the morphometric parameters of the auricle and their relationships in dolichocephalic girls. Material and methods. The work used 86 photographs of the right auricle of dolichocephalic girls. 13 morphometric parameters were determined, including: the height of the auricle, the position of the apex of the tragus, the bottom of the intertragal notch, the most protruding anterior edge of the helix and the posterior one-at the level of the apex of the tragus, the height of the ear lobe and the area of the selected sectors. Correlation and regression analyses were conducted. Results. The paper presents the average values of morphometric indices of the auricle of dolichocephalic girls and 27 formulas of simple and complex regression characterizing the identified relationships between the indices. The strongest relationship was established between the position of the apex of the tragus and the bottom of the intertragal notch (r=0.77), the size of the area of the outer part of the auricle and the position of the posterior edge of the helix at the level of the tragus (r=0.79). Conclusion. A database of morphometric and mathematical indicators describing the structure of the auricle of dolichocephalic girls and their relationships has been created. Statistically significant relationships between auricle parameters of different strengths have been identified, which formed the basis of regression equations that make it possible to predict the value of one parameter based on another.

Objective: to assess the potential of whole cocoa beans for creating functional food products with preserved bioactive properties. Material and methods. A comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition of cocoa beans was performed to determine macronutrients and minor biologically active substances. The methods of high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet, refractometry, and Kjeldahl were used. Results. It was found that the content of a number of biologically active compounds, namely: methylxanthines - 7.93 mg/g, polyphenols - 6.98 mg/g, procyanidins- 5.62 mg/g. The content of theobromine is 7.53 mg/g, caffeine -2.11 mg/g. in terms of the total amount of polyphenols is 698 per 100 g of cocoa beans, provides the daily requirement for such minor biologically active compounds as polyphenols and phenolic compounds (700-800 mg/day). Thus, to ensure the antioxidant function, it is enough to consume 15 g of natural cocoa beans per day, which allows us to talk about the prospects for their use in the industry of functional foods intended for disease prevention. Conclusion. The study confirms the prospects of using whole cocoa beans for the creation of functional food products. The search for new biotechnological solutions for the industrial application of whole cocoa beans will allow the use of a natural complex of compounds for the maintaning of human health.

Objective: to assess the physical development of students with hearing impairment. Material and methods. The study includes 121 students in educational institutions in Moscow, 14-18 years old with disabilities (57 girls and 64 boys). Standard anthropometry and tools were used to assess body length and weight, BMI (according to regional standards and Dedov nomograms), muscle strength of the hands (dynamometry of the right/left hand with the calculation of the asymmetry coefficient) and vital capacity of the lungs (according to age standards). Results. Normal physical development is characteristic of less than 50% of those examined, with more than a third being overweight. Overweight is more often recorded among boys (especially at 14-18 years old - up to 38%), among girls - a deficit (up to 33% at 15 years old). The most pronounced fluctuations in BMI, including obesity (12-13%), were noted at the sensitive age of 15 years. Measurement of the muscular strength of the hands revealed a clear decrease in indicators below the average level in most students (58-69%) after 16 years. Although normal asymmetry of hand strength prevailed (50-100%), a significant part (up to 25% of girls, 12% of boys 15-18 years old) recorded a pronounced asymmetry. VC rates were predominantly above average (62-93%) in all groups except for girls 17-18 years of age. Conclusion. Significant deviations in the physical development of students with hearing impairment were revealed: overweight and weight deficiency, as well as a clear decrease in the muscle strength of the hands after 16 years.

Pulmonary histiocytosis is a rare disease of the group of interstitial lung lesions of unknown etiology, associated with difficulties in diagnosis and treatment and an uncertain prognosis. We present a clinical case of a combination of tuberculosis and histiocytosis in a young woman. This clinical case demonstrates the difficulties in establishing a correct diagnosis due to the lack of pathognomonic clinical signs, the need for pathomorphological verification of the diagnosis, an unfavorable course of the disease, which, despite the abatement of the tuberculosis process, led to a steady progression of pulmonary histiocytosis with the development of severe respiratory failure, which led to a fatal outcome.

Objective: to analyze clinical and X-ray manifestations of the first detected infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in those elderly in the Voronezh region for the period 2018-2023. Material and methods. 92 patients with tuberculosis were examined. Patients were divided into groups: group 1 - elderly patients, group 2 - senile patients. Clinical manifestations, X-ray picture of tuberculosis, frequency of mycobacterial excretion, and timely detection of tuberculosis were assessed. Results. Respiratory symptoms in the form of a combination of cough and dyspnea were detected in 52.4% of patients in group 1 (p<0.001) and in 46.4% of patients in group 2 (p=0.002). Intoxication syndrome in the form of weakness was determined in 73.2% of patients in group 1 and in 63.7% of patients in group 2 (p<0.001 in both groups). Bacteriocretion was observed in 76% of cases among both groups of patients (p<0.001). The pathological process in the lungs was unilateral in 67.4% of patients in both groups (p=0.001). With bilateral prevalence of tuberculous changes, damage to both upper lobes was detected in 26 (86.7%) of 30 patients (p<0.001). Conclusion. In the clinical picture of infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis in individuals over 60 years of age, the most common respiratory and intoxication manifestations were cough with dyspnea (group 1 - 52.4%; group 2 - 46.4%) and weakness (group 1 -52.4%; group 2 - 46.4%). Most elderly and senile patients had unilateral lung damage (67.4%). Bacterial excretion was detected in 76% of cases, destruction of lung tissue - in 63.5% of elderly patients and 44.8% of senile patients, which indicates that pulmonary tuberculosis is not detected in a timely manner.

Objective: to improve the algorithm for timely verification of cerebral venous thrombosis, allowing for consistent application of diagnostic research methods in patients who have had COVID-19. Review methodology. 270 publications from the e-Library, Medline, PubMed, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar and Elsevier databases were analyzed using keywords and their combinations: "cerebral venous thrombosis", "COVID-19", "young age", "thrombophilic condition". As a result, the review included 15 sources (for the period from 2020 to 2025 inclusive), the most significant for disclosing this topic. Conclusion. The algorithm for timely verification of cerebral venous thrombosis has been improved, which will allow timely verification of cerebral venous thrombosis and the start of anticoagulant therapy in patients who have undergone COVID-19.

The article presents a clinical case of Apert syndrome in a 2-year-old child. Apert syndrome is an auto-somal dominant hereditary craniosynostosis that develops due to the pathogenic variant of the FGFR2 gene, which leads to a deficiency of intracellular signals that regulate embryogenesis, causing premature gastrulation, implantation abnormalities, violation of epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, which determines the severity of the patient's condition. The article demonstrates an integrated approach to the management and observation of such a patient with the involvement of specialists of various profiles.

Objective: to conduct a comparative assessment of risk factors, target organ damage, and gestation outcomes in pregnant women with AH and normal blood pressure (BP). Material and methods. The prospective cohort study included 88 pregnant women divided into two groups: group 1 (main group) (44 women with white coat hypertension) and group 2 (comparison group) (44 women with normal blood pressure). Clinical factors, 24-h BP monitoring parameters, the state of target organs (heart, kidneys, and blood vessels), and pregnancy course and outcomes were recorded. Results. Women with white coat hypertension compared with normotensive pregnant women had a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity (90.9% vs 47.7%; p<0.001) and history of preeclampsia (11.4% vs 0%; p=0.021), higher night-time systolic (SBP) and diastolic BP, daytime diastolic BP (p<0.001), night-time diastolic BP (p=0.006), daytime heart rate (HR) (p=0.006), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (p<0.001), interventricular septal thickness (p<0.001), relative wall thickness (p=0.003), left ventricular myocardial mass (p<0.001), left ventricular end-diastolic volume (p=0.020), intima-media thickness on the right (p=0.022) and left (p=0.006), right cardio-ankle vascular index (p=0.043), urine albumin/creatinine ratio (p<0.001). The course of pregnancy in women with white coat hypertension was more often complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus (79.5% vs 25%; p<0.001) and late preeclampsia (11.4% vs 0%; p=0.021). Conclusion. Pregnancy in women with white coat hypertension is characterized by an increased risk of developing structural and functional changes in target organs and a high frequency of complications compared to pregnant women with normal BP.

Objective: to identify associations of cardiorenal risk predictors with prediabetes with various phenotypes of early carbohydrate metabolism disorders in patients. Material and methods. Across-sectional cohort study of 122 patients with prediabetes was conducted in the city of Tyumen. The average age of the subjects was 46.2±8.2 years. The role of cardiovascular risk predictors and early renal damage in the development of total cardiorenal events during the year was studied. The degree of association of parameters and conditions was estimated in the values of odds ratio indicators. Results. The most significant contribution to the development of combined early carbohydrate metabolism disorders: impaired fasting glycemia (IFG) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was demonstrated by insulin sensitivity index QUICKI (p=0.036), interleukin-1(3 level (p=0.021), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (p=0.031), cystatin С in urine (p=0.002), and C-peptide (p=0.039). The phenotype of patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders combining IFG and IGT was characterized by a 1.5-fold increase in the risk of developing combined cardiorenal events. Conclusion. The combination of IFG and IGT in the group of patients with early carbohydrate metabolism disorders demonstrates an increased risk of cardiorenal events, which requires a differentiated approach to the development of an algorithm for managing patients with different phenotypes of prediabetes.

The article considers a clinical case of acute gangrenous perforated appendicitis with the development of a purulent-necrotic process in the anterior abdominal wall, the cause of which was an atypical localization of the appendix- in the projection of the deep inguinal ring. In this case, the purulent-destructive process was localized only in the anterior abdominal wall. This case is unique, since it has not been previously encountered in the clinical practice of the authors, as well as in the literature we studied. The observation turned out to be difficult in terms of differential diagnosis: the patient was suspected of having a strangulated recurrent inguinal hernia with the formation of phlegmon of the hernial sac, acute inguinal lymphadenitis on the right, and, to a lesser extent, acute appendicitis in the stage of appendicular infiltrate. Surgical treatment was performed, after which the patient was discharged in a satisfactory condition on the 17th day.