Cerebral venous thrombosis as a complication of COVID-19: Clinical and diagnostic-therapeutic aspects (review)
Heading: Neurology Article type: Review
Authors: Olimova F.Z., Klocheva E.G., Goldobin V.V., Olimova F.Z., Zhukova M.V., Partavi M.S., Afanasyeva M.Yu.
Organization: North-West State Medical University n.a. I.I. Mechnikov, Department of Neuropathology Assistant Professor, Candidate of Medical Science, Hospital for War Veterans, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Avicenna Tajik Medical University, Dushanbe, Tajikistan
Objective: to improve the algorithm for timely verification of cerebral venous thrombosis, allowing for consistent application of diagnostic research methods in patients who have had COVID-19. Review methodology. 270 publications from the e-Library, Medline, PubMed, CyberLeninka, Google Scholar and Elsevier databases were analyzed using keywords and their combinations: "cerebral venous thrombosis", "COVID-19", "young age", "thrombophilic condition". As a result, the review included 15 sources (for the period from 2020 to 2025 inclusive), the most significant for disclosing this topic. Conclusion. The algorithm for timely verification of cerebral venous thrombosis has been improved, which will allow timely verification of cerebral venous thrombosis and the start of anticoagulant therapy in patients who have undergone COVID-19.
Bibliography:
1. Latreille Е, Warren LL. Interactions of influenza and SARS-CoV-2 with the lung endothelium: Similarities, differences, and implications for therapy. Viruses 13.2. 2021 ;161. URL: https://doi.org/10.3390/v13020161 (15 Dec 2024).
2. Fontanet A, Autran B, Una B, et al. SARS-CoV-2 variants and ending the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2021 ;397(10278):952-4. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(21 )00370-6
3. Lai A, Ahmed N, Maqsood A, et al. COVID-19 Omicron-another deadly dilemma. Altamash Journal of Dentistry and Medicine. 2022;1(1):1-5. DOI:10.13140/RG.2.2.14113.28006
4. Zhou P, Yang XL, Wang XG, et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bof origin. Nature. 2020;579(7798):270-3. DOI:10.1038/s41586-020-2012-7
5. Karim SSA, Karim QA. Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant: A new chapter in the COVID-19 pandemic. Lancet. 2021; 398(10317):2126-8. DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)02758-6
6. Ackermann M, Verleden SE, Kuehnel M, et al. Pulmonary vascular endothelialitis, thrombosis, and angiogenesis in COVID-19. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(2): 120-8. DOM0.1056/NEJ-Moa2015432
7. Nicolai L, Leunig A, Brambs S, et al. Vascular neutro-philic inflammation and immunothrombosis distinguish severe COVID-19 from influenza pneumonia. J Thromb Haemost. 2021;19(2):574-81. DOI:10.1111/jth.15179
8. Romoli M, Jelcic I, Bernard-Valnet R, et al. Infectious disease panel of the European Academy of Neurology. A systematic review of neurological manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 infection: the devil is hidden in the details. Eur J Neurol. 2020;27(9):1712-26. DOI:10.1111/ene.14382
9. Fifi JT, Mocco J. COVID-19 related stroke in young individuals. Lancet Neurol. 2020;19(9):713-5. DOI:10.1016/S1474-4422(20)30272-6
10. Bikdeli B, Madhavan MV, Jimenez D.etal. COVID-19 and thrombotic or thromboembolic disease: implications for prevention, antithrombotic therapy, and follow-up: JACC state-of-the-art review. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2020;75(23):2950-73. DOI:10.1016/j. jacc.2020.04.031
11. Ulivi L, Squitieri M, Cohen H, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis: A practical guide. Pract Neurol. 2020;20(5):356-67. DOI:10.1136/practneurol-2019-002415
12. Ramazanov GR, Korigova KhV, Petrikov SS. Diagnostics and Treatment of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis. Russian Sklifos-ovsky Journal of Emergency Medical Care. 2021 ;10(1 ):122-34. DOI:10.23934/2223-9022-2021-10-1-122-134
13. Maksimova MYu., Dubovitskaya Yul., Bryukhov W. et al. Diagnosis of cerebral veins and venous sinuses thrombosis. RMJ. 2017;21:1595-601. DOI :10.22328/2079-5343-2019-10-1-26-32
14. Garcia-Azorin D, Monje MHG, Gonzalez-Garcia N, et al. Presence of red flags in patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis admitted to the emergency department because of headache: A STROBE compliant cohort-study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2020;99(29):e20900. DOI:10.1097/MD.0000000000020900
15. Belova L.A., Mashin V.V., Sitnikova A.I., Belov D.V Sovremennye predstavleniya о faktorakh riska tserebral'nykh ve-noznykh trombozov. Modern outlooks on risk factors of cerebral venous thrombosis. Ul'yanovskiy Mediko-Biologicheskiy Zhurnal. 2020;3:8-20. DOI:10.34014/2227-1848-2020-3-8-20
16. Van Dam LF, van Walderveen MA, Kraft LJ, et al. Current imaging modalities for diagnosing cerebral vein thrombosis -A critical review. Thromb Res. 2020;189:132-9. DOI:10.1016/j. thromres.2020.03.011
17. Kulesh AA. Cerebral venous thrombosis and its hemorrhagic complications. Nevrologiya, neiropsikhiatriya, psikhosomatika = Neurology, Neuropsychiatry, Psychosomatics. 2021 ;13(2):10-8. DOI:10.14412/2074-2711-2021-2-10-18
18. Saposnik G, Barinagarrementeria F, Brown RD Jr, et al. Diagnosis and management of cerebral venous thrombosis: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 2011 ;42(4): 1158-92. DOI:10.1161/STR.0b013e31820a8364
19. Smith E, Kumar V BET 1: Does a normal D-dimer rule out cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST)? Emerg Med J. 2018;35(6):396-7. DOI:10.1136/emermed-2018-207777.1
20. Ferro JM, Bousser MG, Canhao P, et al.; European Stroke Organization. European Stroke Organization guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis - endorsed by the European Academy of Neurology. Eur J Neurol. 2017;24(10): 1203-13. DOI:10.1111/ene.13381
21. Osteresch R, Fach A, Hambrecht R, et al. ESC-Leitlinien 2019 zu Diagnostikund Management derakuten Lungenembolie. Herz. 2019;44:696-700. DOI:10.1007/s00059-019-04863-5
22. Lee GKH, Chen VH, Tan CH et al. Comparing the efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants with vitamin К antagonist in cerebral venous thrombosis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2020;50(3):724-31. DOI:10.1007/s11239-020-02106-7
23. Yaghi S, Shu L, Bakradze E, et al. Direct oral anticoagulants versus warfarin in the treatment of cerebral venous thrombosis (ACTION-CVT): A multicenter international study. Stroke. 2022;53(3):728-38. DOI:10.1161/STROKEAHA.121.037541
24. Baldini T, Asioli GM, Romoli M, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis and SARS-CoV-2 infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EurJ Neurol. 2021 ;28(10):3478-90. DOI:10.1111/ene.14727
25. Tu TM, Goh C, Tan YK, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis in patients with COVID-19 infection: A case series and systematic review. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2020;29(12): 105379. DOI:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2020.105379
26. Cavalcanti DD, Raz E, Shapiro M, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with COVID-19. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2020;41 (8):1370-6. DOM 0.3174/ajnr.A6644
27. Roy-Gash F, De Mesmay M, Devys JM, et al. COVID-19-associated acute cerebral venous thrombosis: Clinical, CT, MRI and EEG features. Crit Care. 2020;24(1):419. DOM0.1186/s13054-020-03225-6
28. Poillon G, Obadia M, Perrin M, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with COVID-19 infection: Causality or coincidence? J Neuroradiol. 2021;48(2):121-4. DOI:10.1016/j.neu-rad.2020.05.003
29. Taquet M, Husain M, Geddes JR, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis and portal vein thrombosis: A retrospective
cohort study of 537,913 COVID-19 cases. EClinicalMedicine. 2021;39:101061. DOI:10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101061
30. Al-Mufti F, Amuluru K, Sahni R, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis in COVID-19: A New York metropolitan cohort study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 2021 ;42(7):1196-200. DOI:10.3174/ ajnr.A7134
31. Ostovan VR, Foroughi R, Rostami M, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with COVID-19: A case series and literature review. J Neurol. 2021 ;268(10):3549-60. DOI:10.1007/s00415-021-10450-8
32. Hameed S, Wasay M, Soomro BA, et al. Cerebral venous thrombosis associated with COVID-19 infection: An observational, multicenter study. Cerebrovasc Dis Extra. 2021;11(2):55-60. DOI:10.1159/000516641
33. Scutelnic A, van de Munckhof A, Miraclin AT, et al. Characteristics and outcomes of cerebral venous thrombosis associated with COVID-19. Eur Stroke J. 2024;9(3):676-86. DOI:10.1177/23969873241241885
34. Zhang X, Fang K, Lan D, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in China: A
comparative study. ВМС Neurol. 2025;25(1):17. DOI:10.1186/s12883-025-04019-5
35. Vasaghi Gharamaleki M, Habibagahi M, Hoosh-mandi E, et al. The hospitalization rate of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis before and during COVID-19 pandemic era: A single-center retrospective cohort study. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 2022;31(7):106468. DOI:10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovas-dis.2022.106468
36. Panichpisal K, Ruff I, Singh M, et al. Cerebral venous sinus thrombosis associated with coronavirus disease 2019: Case report and review of the literature. Neurologist. 2022;27(5):253-62. DOI:10.1097/NRL.0000000000000390
37. Algarni SA, ALGhasab NS, Alharbi MS, et al. Sex differences and clinical outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 infection and cerebral venoussinusthrombosis:Asystematic review. ClinApplThromb Hemost. 2024;30:10760296241240748. DOI: 10.1177/10760296241240748
38. Kallel N, Saidani A, Kotti A, et al. Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST): A case series and review of the literature. Clin Case Rep. 2022;10(8):e6143. DOI:10.1002/ccr3.6143
| Attachment | Size |
|---|---|
| 2025_03_305-313.pdf | 947.86 KB |




