№4, 2024, volume 20

Objective: the evaluation of stability for various options of thoracic and lumbar spine fixation in static load. Material and methods. We used the anatomical preparations of the thoracic and lumbar porcine spines to model comminuted vertebra fractures A4 (AOSpine, 2013) in the middle of the anatomical block. The models were later used to install 4 most common types of metal fixation, and to study their deformation-strength properties in controlled axial compression, including maximum load and stress. Results. The increasing differences in the median values of maximum loads (H)and stresses (MPa) were found at controlled axial compression in models of 4-screw(2980 H, 7.18 MPa) and 8-screw (4240 H, 9.78 MPa) transpedicular fixation, 4-screw (6460H, 15.27 MPa) and 8-screw (10120 H, 103.21 MPa) transpedicular fixation and supporting spinal fusion, leading to axial deformation and/or destruction of metal structures, as well as destruction of the vertebrae bone structures. Conclusion. The model of 8-screw transpedicular fixation and supporting spinal fusion has the greatest stability in controlled axial compression; all its nodes in the metal structure remain stable and the bone structures of the vertebrae are preserved.

Objective: perform a comparative analysis of the osteointegration of intervertebral implants made of polyetheretherketone (PEEK), titanium (Ti) alloy and porous Ti after posterior lumbar interbody fusion. Methodology for writing a review. The interbody fusion, lumbar spine, cage, orthopedic implants, osseointegration, porous titanium keywords search for 1953-2023 studies in English and Russian involved PubMed and eLibrary databases. Results. Titanium and titanium-coated PEEK implants for lumbar interbody fusion feature similar subsidence rates, but titanium implants have a higher fusion rate thanthose of PEEK implants. Conclusion. Ti-cages and Ti-coated PEEK implants used for interbody spinal fusion in the lumbar spine show similar subsidence rates but higher fusion rates compared to PEEK cages. Randomized controlled trials are needed to more accurately assess the impact of framework materials and potential factors that may influence surgical outcomes.

Objective: to validate the Russian version of the OMAS scale (2023), that was used to assess ankle joint function after ankle fractures. Material and methods. The study analyzed data from 50 patients with ankle fractures who received surgical or conservative treatment. The OMAS scale was translated and adapted for the Russian-speaking audience in several steps, such as translation from English to Russian by a native Russian speaker and then from Russian back to English by a native English speaker. Patients then completed the Russian versions of the OMAS and AOFAS questionnaires. We assessed such parameters as no missing responses, ceiling/floor effect, questionnaire re-producibility, internal consistency, and validity. Results. The Russian version of OMAS showed high validity (Spearman coefficient — 0.94; p<0.001), good internal consistency (Cronbach's a->0.76), high reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient — 0.89), and questionnaire completion rate was 85%. Conclusion. The Russian version of the OMAS scale is a reliable tool for assessing the function of the ankle joint and the quality of life of patients who have suffered an ankle fracture.

The article describes cases of osteonecrosis of the Maxilla resulting from COVID-19. They demonstrate the characteristics of patients who experienced this complication and draw attention to treatment methods that were effective for this pathology. The authors concluded that complex therapy, including drugs whose action is aimed at normalizing microcirculation in tissues and increasing the body's resistance, contributed to the delimitation of areas of necrosis of the Maxilla and the successful outcome of surgical treatment.

Objective: to determine the relationship of microcirculatory changes in general blood flow and periodontal tissues in pregnant women. Material and methods. 98 pregnant women participated in the examination, who underwent an analysis of microcirculatory changes in the fourth finger of the left hand and periodontal. The control group consisted of 30 non-pregnant women. Laser Doppler flowmetric examination was carried out in two stages. At the 1st stage, the vasomotor activity of blood vessels was studied, at the 2nd stage — the contribution of high- and low-frequency oscillations to the overall modulation of blood flow. A correlation analysis of microcirculatory changes in general blood flow and periodontal disease was performed. Results. In pregnant women, there is a decrease in vasomotor activity of blood vessels, a deterioration in the rate of local blood flow. The coefficient of variation is 1.6 times less than the same value obtained in the control group. The percentage of contribution of pulse and respiratory waves is 7.6 times and 1.5 times higher relative to the control group, in the modulation spectrum of which the amplitude of myogenic genesis prevailed. A functional relationship was found between the rate of local blood flow of the microvessels of the oral cavity and the vasomotor activity of the fourth finger of the left hand (Pearson coefficient 1.0). Conclusion. The revealed relationship testifies and confirms the uniformity of changes in microcirculatory disorders both in periodontal tissues and in the general blood flow of the body as a whole. This fact should be taken into account when managing pregnant women by a dentist and a gynecologist.

Objective: comparative analysis of the results of olfactory identification tests used in primary and secondary school children. Material and methods. The study included 245 students from Samara: group 1 — primary school children (7-11 years old, n=149) and group 2 — secondary school children (12-15 years old, n=96). Olfactory assessment was carried out using Sniffin' Sticks Screening Test 12 (SST-12) and the ReviSmell hardware and software complex. Results. The proposed SST-12 odorants were recognized by children in 100% of cases, while the ReviSmell hardware and software complex (HSC) yielded 95.9-98.4% recognition. For children in group 1, the overall average SST-12 score was 8.2±1.8 points, while in group 2 it was 8.9±1.4 points (p<0.001). The best result in children of group 1 was noted for the smells of "coffee" (92.6%), "mint" (81.2%), "banana" (79.2%), "mixture" (85.2%), in group 2 —for the smells of "banana" (88.5%), "pineapple" (83.3%), "mixture" (80.2%) and "orange" (79.2%). The assessment of olfactory function on the ReviSmell hardware and software showed the best result for children of group 1 (p<0.001). Identification of all five odorants (lavender, peony, spruce, eucalyptus, carnation) — 61.1-65.1%; in group 2-34.4-58.3%. The greatest difference was found for the identification of the smells of "carnation" (27.7%) and "peony" (30.1 %), less pronounced for the smells of "spruce" (17.2%) and "eucalyptus" (11.1%). Conclusion. Comparable results were obtained from the application of the screening identification test for the assessment of olfactory sense SST-12 and the new method for assessing olfactory sense using virtual reality technology on the APCS ReviSmell. With both methods of assessment, lower values were observed in the group of primary school children.