№4, 2022, volume 18

Abstract. Objective: to evaluate the approaches to donor graft preparation in endothelial keratoplasty, to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. The review presents works on posterior keratoplasty with pre-en-grafted grafts using modern preservation techniques; the sample for the last 16 years from 2006 to 2022, publications are available for study from the main scientific databases PubMed, eLibrary.ru. Fifty literary sources were included in the final analysis. Currently, descemet membrane transplantation has become the gold standard of endothelial disease treatment. This operation allows to achieve high visual function and is the most selective and pathogenetically oriented, but has a number of technical disadvantages associated with the preparation of a donor graft. These disadvantages include long time spent on descemet membrane isolation, high risk of damage and rejection of deficient material intraop-eratively, which requires high surgical skills. Given the above, approaches to preliminary preservation of the descemet membrane, which compensate for the time in the operating room and reduce the risk of iatrogenic damage to the donor material, began to originate in clinical practice.

Abstract. Objective: to analyze the results of the Russian version of the Spatial Hearing Questionnaire (SHQ) in individuals with chronic sensorineural hearing loss. Material and methods. We conducted a study in 31 people (including 20 women and 11 men, mean age 61,2±15,6 years) with symmetrical chronic sensorineural hearing loss using the Russian version of the SHQ in groups taking into account the degree of hearing loss. Results. SHQ scores decreased with increasing hearing loss — the highest mean scores were obtained with mild hearing loss, and the lowest mean scores were obtained with severe hearing loss: the mean total score was 69,5± 12,1 points for group 1, 64,1 ±22,3 points for group 2, 50,7±22,5 points for group 3 and 36,3±15,5 points for group 4. There is a uniform decrease in indicators for all items, taking into account the degree of hearing loss. The existing significant difference in scores according to the SHQ in patients with different degrees of hearing loss was naturally reflected in its subscales. Conclusion. The Russian-language version of the SHQ allows us to distinguish between the degrees of hearing problems and is an effective tool both for diagnosing spatial disorders and at the stages of auditory function rehabilitation.