2020, volume 16

Currently, dermatoscopy is increasingly used in daily dermatological practice. Dermatoscopy is an important tool that improves quality of diagnosis melanocytic neoplasms, it used as an additional method for detection of inflammatory, infectious and parasitic dermatoses

The data of the literature concerning the classification, differential diagnosis and methods of treatment of cicatricial alopecia is presented. Aspects of the main theories of pathogenesis of this cohort of diseases are disclosed. In addition, the article discloses aspects related to the main theories of the pathogenesis of this cohort of diseases. 38 scientific sources taken from various scientific databases (PubMed, Elsevier, etc.), published in the time range from 1996 to 2019 inclusive, were used, with occasional mention of earlier articles (1985), which is extremely necessary for an exhaustive disclosure of the topic of publication.

The literature review is devoted to the main stages of the discovery and improvement of the technique of using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in various fields of dermatology. 50 scientific sources published on the basis of PubMed scientific data, and independent printed publications (1972-2017) were involved.

We report the medical care model for patients with skin neoplasms provided by Saratov Regional Clinical Dermatovenereologic Dispensary. Availability of an oncologist, more advanced technology and methods of diagnosis and treatment of skin neoplasms make this model optimal for medical institutions of a dermatovenereologic profile.

The article is dedicated to prominent Russian scientists, elected by the Council as honorary members of the Imperial Nikolaev University (Saratov) in the pre-revolutionary period (1909-1917); their biographies are briefly highlighted. Their contribution to the development and organization of Russian science is described.

The study follows the career of the head of biomechanical laboratory in Saratov Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics Irina D. Kovaleva, the oldest employee of the institute who worked over 60 years in it. I. D. Kovaleva's contribution to biomechanical rationalization of Russian designs of hip joint endoprosthesis was great. The results of her research were implemented into endoprostheses designed by Shersher and Saratov Scientific Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, and overacetabular prosthesis. The novelty of her research was proven by the USSR inventor's certificates, patents of Russia and foreign countries including USA, UK, France, and West Germany.

The aim of investigation was to evaluate the characteristics of the response of rat peritoneal leukocytes and mast cells (MC) when using experimental aseptic inflammation. Material and Methods: Rats of the 1st group (n=7) were intra-peritoneally injected with 1 % thioglycolate broth, animals ofthe2nd(n=7)— the same broth, diluted 1:10. Control group rats (n=8) received an equal volume of saline. After removing animals from the experiment in the peritoneal fluid, the number of leukocytes was counted and their viability was evaluated. MC degranulation was detected by toluidine blue technique. All MCs were divided according to the degree of degranulation. Results: A model of aseptic inflammation of the peritoneum was reproduced. It was found that the number of leukocytes of peritoneal fluid, especially the number of non-viable cells, increases by more than 2 times with an increase in the concentration of the eluting agent (p<0.05). In experimental animals, the number of MCs with signs of degranulation increased to 89.5±2.2% compared with their level in the control group (49.0±3.9%; p<0.05). Conclusion: With the introduction of thioglycolate broth into the rats peritoneal cavity, an adequate model of inflammation is reproduced, suitable for studying the activity of different types of cells and humoral factors. The clinical picture of inflammation varies depending on the degree of degranulation of MC, which confirms their participation in the development of the pathological process.

Objective: analysis of the regional incidence of diseases and needs of medical care on the profile of coloproctology. Material and Methods. A study of the dynamics of regional coloproctological morbidity was monitored over a 15-year period from 2004 to 2018. Results. Diseases related to the coloproctology profile were recorded in 47171 cases in 2018, however, only 30900 outpatient coloproctological procedures were performed in the region, in which 10324 rigid rectoscopes were performed, and 4582 fibrocolonoscopy. The average value of the regional primary coloproctological incidence rate was 21.57±0.54 per thousand people. The total decrease in the incidence rate for the entire study period was 21.0%. The share of cancer in the total coloproctological morbidity is 9.3-21.0%. The total increase in the incidence of colon cancer over the entire study period was 89.0%. The proportion of benign neoplasms in the total coloproctological morbidity slightly varied from 4.4% to 6.1%. The incidence rate of benign diseases of the colon practically did not change + 5.45%. Conclusion. The volume of specialized medical care provided by the regional coloproctological service to patients with diseases of the colon does not correspond to the needs for it. To improve the quality and availability of medical care, it is necessary to reliably predict the need for it and optimize the structure of the specialized service itself.

Objective: To identify the shortcomings and reserves of the use of the resuscitation and intensive care bed Fund on the example of the health care system of a city. Material and Methods. The use of resuscitation and intensive care beds in 75 hospitals in Saint Petersburg was analyzed. The data were statistically processed, average values, extensive and intensive indicators were calculated with an assessment of the reliability of their difference, indicators of a dynamic series, and a correlation analysis was performed. Results: The availability of beds in Saint Petersburg in 2015-2019 decreased from 775.7 to 706.9 per 100 thousand population, while the share of intensive care and intensive care beds is stable (4.5-6.1%). This does not correspond to an increase in emergency hospitalization by 14.5%, the number of operations by 14.0%, and high-tech operations by 54.5%). The need for anaesthetic and resuscitation care has increased: from 1387 to 1524 cases per 100 thousand population, while the average number of days of employment of such beds has not changed significantly (in 2015, 245±4.8, in 2019, 241±5.5 (f<2). The availability of intensive care and intensive care beds affects the reduction of hospital mortality (p=-0.7, p<0.05). Conclusion: Intensive care and intensive care beds in Saint Petersburg, despite their intensive use, work effectively, while reserves have been identified that can be used in emergency situations and adverse epidemiological conditions.

Objective: Comparative study of heavy metal contamination of local food products produced in ecologically unfavorable areas by farmers and personal subsidiary farms. Material and Methods: Sampling of local food products was carried out in the summer and autumn periods of 2017-19 on the territories of farms and personal subsidiary farms in a number of districts of the Saratov region. Determination of the content of metals in food samples: lead, cobalt and arsenic was performed using adsorption inversion voltammetry on the analyzer "IVA-5". The mercury content was determined by the method of flame-free atomic absorption spectrometry of cold steam on the analyzer "RA 915 M". Results: It is found out that the median concentration of mercury and cadmium in foods by Engels, Fedorovsky, Saratov, Balakovo and Marks areas, regardless of the form of business ownership, and determine the 90-percentile was closest to the remote control. Bread and meat were the most vulnerable local products when combined with heavy metal contamination. Conclusion: Median concentrations of heavy metals in food samples grown on the territories of farms and private farms and used as local food had no significant differences in their quantitative contamination.