№1, 2020, volume 16

A literature review analyzes published data on geroprotective nutritional options. Nutrition is one of the fundamental factors that determine longevity and quality of life. Intestinal microbiota and its changes in the elderly and long-livers are being actively studied. The food selection and the calorie intake are directly related to the formation of microbiota.

Purpose: analysis of clinical, endoscopic and morphofunctional parameters of the course of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum in women and men of young and old age. Material and Methods. 170 patients with peptic ulcer were examined. We used a clinical, endoscopic examination with a histological examination of biopsy with determination of H. pylori in the stomach by a histobacterioscopic method, estimated sex hormone receptors density by relative area (the ratio of the area of immunopositive cells to the total area of the drug). Results. The features of the course of the disease were found: age-related, gender-related, not related to gender and age, associated with the localization of an ulcerative defect (in the stomach or duodenum). It has been shown that among women more than among men, the number of patients with an atypical course of the disease increases with aging; gender differences in the course of the disease in the elderly are more pronounced with duodenal ulcer localization. Conclusion. Clinical, endoscopic and morphofunctional features of the course of peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum associated with the gender and age of patients were revealed.

Objective: to analyze the clinical, morphological and neuroendocrine parameters of the course of chronic H. pylori-associated atrophic gastritis in patients 60 years of age and older in comparison with similar parameters in patients younger than 60 years with chronic H. pylori-associated non-atrophic gastritis. Material and Methods. 60 patients with chronic atrophic H. pylori-associated gastritis and 20 healthy individuals were examined. Clinical symptoms of the disease, H. pylori seeding rate, esophagogastroduodenoscopy, morphological and immunohistochemical analysis were evaluated. Results. Patients older than 60 years are less likely than patients younger than 60 to have epigastric pain and heartburn pain, but more often dyspeptic syndrome, but the degree of gastritis activity and the degree of contamination of H. pylori was lower. There are more NO synthase-immunopositive cells, and less immunotropic motilin cells than in patients under 60 years of age. Conclusion. Patients older than 60 years have specific features of the formation of chronic H. pylori-associated atrophic gastritis.

Some aspects of the activities of employees of the Saratov State Medical Institute, related to the search and implementation of effective methods of hospital treatment during the Great Patriotic War, are examined. An attempt has been made to identify the relationship of scientific research conducted by Saratov medical scientists with all-Union trends and to show their regional characteristics. The conclusion is made about the significant contribution of SSMI scientists to the development of regional health care and the medical and evacuation support system of the Red Army.

The lecture is devoted to existing ideas about the diagnosis and treatment of coronary heart disease. The concept of chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) is introduced in accordance with The ESC Guidelines forthe diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes, 2019. CCS pathogenetic mechanisms, clinical flow scenarios and diagnostic methods are considered. Particular emphasis is placed on the late age category of patients.

One of the most important problems of modern healthcare is the development of a scientifically based system of active monitoring of patients of older age groups and the provision of medical care to them using the new medical examination procedure. The results of a two-stage monitoring for 5.5 thousand patients of different ages with the inclusion of screening geriatric assessment and the study of a number of hormonal-metabolic markers of aging are presented. Among the elderly, the number of diseases reaches ten or more, the vast majority of such patients belong to the III and IV health groups. Among the elderly, the number of diseases reaches ten or more, the vast majority of such patients belong to the 3rd and 4th health groups. A high level of patient satisfaction was revealed during an optimized clinical examination scenario. Conducting a staged medical observation with synchronous geriatric assessment allows you to form the most homogeneous group of patients. It is necessary to take into account the following factors: age, initial signs of fragility, the level of markers of hormonal-metabolic wilt, the presence and degree of polymorbidity, which is important for monitoring and treating patients, as well as for modifying geriatric function.

The article follows losif Z. Neyman's career and evaluates his contribution to the development of orthopedics. I.Z. Neyman's scientific work was devoted to the investigation of scoliotic spine disease pathogenesis, improvement of diagnostic methods and surgical management of both idiopathic and dysplastic scoliosis in adolescents and adults.

The article presents biographical information about Professor M. F. Tsytovich, presenting his scientific and practical contribution to the formation and development of native otolaryngology. It matches his teaching methods in preparation of scientific and pedagogical personnel characterizing his social activities in the first half of the twentieth century.

Aim: to analyze the distribution of first-year students by the levels of their self-esteem and the preferred form of work in the team, which are best implemented when various forms and methods of training are introduced into the educational process, which allow them to understand the significance of basic biological knowledge for the future practical work of a doctor on the chosen specialty. Material and Methods. During the course of the work, the data of a sample survey among first-year students were used. Results. The relative distribution of groups of students according to individual characteristics that determine their style of work in the team and the level of self-esteem — in relation to oneself, is clarified. Most of the students surveyed by us (95.8%) have high and medium levels of self-esteem, which, according to the style of work in the team, correspond to the leading and collaborating types, and to respondents with low self-esteem (4.2%) — the slave. The role of introducing various teaching methods for the successful adaptation of freshmen to the educational process at the university is analyzed. Conclusion. During the first year of study, the level of self-esteem largely determines the successful work in a team and the adaptation of students to the workload. Positive motivation in training, implying the practical significance of the material studied, taking into account future medical specialization, stimulates the cognitive activity of students and helps to increase their level of self-esteem.

Macrophages are heterogeneous population of cells, which differentiate into distinct functional groups depending of the external signals. Agonists of toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokines bind to corresponding receptors and cause changes in the metabolism and expression of genes in myeloid cells located in the innate immune system. These changes in phagocytes are occurring during their activation. As a result, they become polarized, acquiring a determined phenotype. This gene expression changes realize in the tumor microenvironment. mTOR — serine/threonine protein kinase, which receives various signals from cell environment. It causes changes in protein biosynthesis and cell metabolism. mTOR takes part in the activation of macrophages influenced by cytokines or agonists of TLRs. It determines the role of kinase in reprogramming mechanisms and in the regulation of cytokines production according to the type of received signals respectively. The review has been made about the role of mTOR in macrophages' reprogramming, in particular tumor-associated ones. The PubMed resource is used for information search