№2, 2020, volume 16

The purpose of the study is to develop and study clinical effectiveness of a hardware-software complex for objectively determining the range of eye movements in diagnosis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness of ophthalmic diseases. Material and Methods. A hardware-software complex has been developed to objectively determine the range of eye movements based on the analysis of digital images of the anterior segment of the eye. Digital images of the anterior segment of the eye are standardized by lighting parameters; they can be viewed on a tablet computer screen, archived, or sent via the Internet to a data processing server. The study of the range of movement is determined for each eye separately for 8 meridians. Results. We developed algorithms for estimating the range of eye movements in relation to diagnosis of ophthalmic diseases. The developed technique and hardware-software complex for objectively determining the range of eye movements were used in 120 patients aged 6 to 83 years. Conclusion. Automation and standardization of research process provides high diagnostic capabilities of the hardware and software complex and is recommended for use in medical and preventive scientific research.

The purpose of the study is to estimate the effectiveness of the cicatricial stage of choroidal neovascular membrane surgery with retina fixation after retinotomy of paracentral areas with the use of autologous conditioned platelet rich plasma (ACP), without performing endolaser photocoagulation and silicone oil tamponade. Material and Methods. The surgery technique involved performing the 25,27-gauge vitrectomy, removing the posterior hyaloid membrane, the inner limiting membrane in the presence of an epiretinal membrane, paracentral retinotomy, removing the choroidal neovascular membrane during retinotomy, pneumoretinopexy, ACP instillation in the retinotomy area in 2-3 layers without endolaser photocoagulation and silicone oil tamponade. Seamless closure of sclero and conjunctivotomy with a layer of autologous conditioned plasma. 17 patients with visual acuity from 0.02 to 0.08 were treated. Results. A full retinal reattachment and closure of the retinotomy opening in the late postoperative period was noted in all patients. Not a single recurrent retinal detachment was recorded. Complete closure of sclero and conjunctivotomy without the use of additional suture fixation in all cases was achieved. Visual acuity after removal of the cicatricial choroidal membrane in the long-term period was 0.03-0.2. Conclusion. Surgical treatment of the cicatricial stage of choroidal neovascular membranes using autologous conditioned plasma to close the retinotomy defect after removal of cicatricial choroidal neovascular membrane without endolaser coagulation of the retina and silicone tamponade, followed by seamless blocking of the sclero and conjunctivotomy with autologous conditioned plasma is a modern technique that allows to achieve high anatomical and functional results, minimizing the risk of postoperative complications.

The purpose of the study is to develop a method for selecting the most effective conservative method of treating myopia using mathematical modeling. Material and Methods. The study included data on treatment of two groups of patients (n=141) aged 12 to 17 years with mild and moderate acquired (school) myopia, who used various combined methods of conservative treatment of myopia. Mathematical modeling was based on the method of constructing classification trees. Results. A method has been developed for selecting the most effective conservative treatment of myopia with a good sensitivity of 84% and specificity of 74%. Prediction models formed the basis of a computer program designed to determine the most effective method of conservative treatment of myopia based on the most informative data: patient's medical history, initial visual indicators, integral index of vegetative status (intensity index) and initial vegetative status, results of psychological evaluation of the symptoms by the patient. Conclusion. The use of computer technologies makes it possible to optimize the choice of an adequate method of treating myopia with the exception of subjective factor.

The article presents a clinical case of a patient with intermediate uveitis (vitreitis) of viral etiology, which shows that simultaneous vitrectomy with phacoemulsification and implantation of an intraocular lens gives a positive result and saves visual functions after prolonged inflammation and poor conservative therapy.

The purpose of the study is to assess the state of microcirculation of the optic nerve disk of the peripapillary retina in patients with optic atrophy (OA) with multiple sclerosis without a history of optical neuritis (MS-ON). Material and Methods. We examined 34 eyes of patients with OA with MS-ON and 39 eyes of healthy volunteers comparable in gender and age. In addition to standard ophthalmological examination, all patients underwent optical coherence tomography with the function of angiography (OCT-A) of the optic nerve head (ONH) with the measurement of thickness of the peripapillary retina and the relative density of capillaries, as well as the measurement of thickness of the complex of retinal ganglion cells (GCC). To assess the diagnostic value of OKT-A, a ROC-analysis was performed using the most informative predictors. Results. According to the results of OCT-A in patients with MS-ON, the most pronounced differences in the indicators were revealed for all indicators of the thickness of the peripapillary layer of the retinal nerve fibers (RNFL) and the relative density of the retinal peripapillary capillaries (RPC) in all sectors compared with the control group, as well as a decrease in the average indicators in the complex of retinal ganglion cells (GCC). A moderate direct correlation was found between the thicknesses of the peripapillary RNFL and the density of the RPC (r = 0.50; p <0.05), as well as with the average GCC values (r=0.69; p<0.05). Conclusion. In patients with optic atrophy against the background of multiple sclerosis without optical neuritis in the anamnesis with the help of OCT-A, we detected a significant decrease in the RNFL thickness and RPC density, compared to the norm, which indicates a deterioration in the microcirculation of the peripapillary retina associated with the process of neurodegeneration.

The purpose of the study is pathomorphological characterization of idiopathic epiretinal membranes (iERM) after removing them during vitreoretinal procedures for a more accurate understanding of their formation, including immunohistochemical detection of fibrogenic factors and adhesion proteins (TGFbl, fibronectin, laminin, GFAP). Materials and Methods. We examined biopsy material, i. e. idiopathic epiretinal membranes removed from patients during surgical interventions. We used general histological (hematoxylin and eosin staining), histochemical (Mallory and Weigert staining), immunohistochemical (IHCh) (TGFbl, fibronectin, laminin, GFAP), and morphometric methods. Results. iERM contain collagen fibers in their composition. The thickness of the membrane depends on the number of collagen fibers. The priority cells are radial gliocytes in the initiation of their occurrence. They contribute to stimulation of fibroblastic cells and expression of fibrogenic factors by the vitreal interface cells: TGFbl, fibronectin, laminin. Conclusion. Accumulation of fibroblastic cells and collagen can contribute to the development and progression of the neurodegenera-tive process, strengthen contractions and reduce elastic properties. This leads to traction, retinal rupture and reduced vision. Pathomorphological study of iERM using IHCh techniques allows to apply adequate tactics to combat vitreal fibrosis and make a constructive decision about the urgency of intravitreal peeling.

The article presents the bibliographic data about academician S. I. Spasokukotsky. It demonstrates his contribution to the development of surgery, healthcare management and training of academic and teaching staff at Department of Hospital Surgery of Saratov Medical University.

The article presents the biographical data about Professor Vladimir Ivanovich Rubin, describing his academic contribution into the development of biochemistry and training of academic and pedagogical staff at the Saratov State Medical University.

The article investigates the military and career details of biography of researcher of Saratov Research Institute of Traumatology, Orthopedics and Neurosurgery, V. K. Rabov. The analysis of V. K. Rabov's biography enables acknowledging the fact that heroic traits of his personality that were made evident during World War II manifested themselves with total devotion in everyday routine while providing medical care to patients.

The goal to assess the morphological and functional state of the spleen of white male rats under the influence of light desynchronosis and to analyze the degree of reversibility of these changes. Material and methods. The experiment was carried out in two stages on 60 white male rats, divided into five equal groups: control and four experimental. In the first series of the experiment, the first and second experimental groups were illuminated around the clock for 10 and 21 days. At the second stage, animals of the third and fourth groups were exposed to illumination around the clock for 10 and 21 days, and then kept in natural light for 21 days. The following morphological and morphometric parameters were evaluated: the area of the lymphoid follicle, T- and B-dependent zones of white pulp, the number of reproduction centers and immunoblasts in the T- and B-zones in 10 fields of view. Results. On the 10th day of the experiment, there was an increase in the area of the lymphoid follicle, T- and B-dependent zones, the number of immunoblasts when compared with the control. In animals of the third group, an increase in these indicators was observed. On the 21st day, a decrease in all measured values was noted. In animals of the fourth group, the indicators increased relative to the second experimental one and approached the control values. Conclusion. The detected morphological and functional changes in the spleen are associated with the negative effects of prolonged light deprivation on the organs of the immune system. However, indicators are subject to change.