№4, 2019, volume 15

The purpose of this study is to assess the dental status of university students to identify the initial risk factors for the development of parafunctional activity of masticatory muscles and bruxism. Material and Methods. Dental examination was conducted in 445 students aged 18 to 25 years. According to the accepted inclusion and exclusion criteria 240 examined person were divided into 2 groups: the first group comprised subjects without revealed functional disorders of the masticatory system (53 persons); the second one —with revealed functional disorders of the masticatory system and damaged dental hard tissues (187 persons). Results. The frequency of detected bruxism cases composed 56%. Hypertony of masticatory muscles is registered in 80.4% cases. Conclusion. Based on the assessment of the students dental status, 43.3% of the examined have prenosological signs of parafunctional activity of the masticatory muscles and functional disorders in the masticatory system, which makes them a risk group for developing bruxism.

The purpose of the study is to analyze the prevalence and severity of psoriasis according to the patient's somatotype. Material and Methods. The study involved 82 patients (39 women and 43 men) aged 20 to 60 years, suffering from vulgar and exudative psoriasis. The study of the structure of somatotypes of patients with psoriasis was carried out by measuring height-weight ratios, bone diameters and girth sizes, as well as skin-fat folds in accordance with the technique proposed by B. Heath and L. Carter. Individuals belonging to endomorphs, mesomorphs and ectomorphs were distinguished. The prevalence and severity of psoriasis was assessed by the PASI index. Results. The clinical characteristics of patients with psoriasis depending on their somatotype are described. Endomorphic somatotype was observed in 22, mesomorphic — in 37 and ectomorphic — in 23 patients. Conclusion. The results of the study showed that more severe psoriasis, estimated by the PASI index, and exacerbations of dermatosis 2 or more times a year are more common at endomorphs.

Purpose: comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of panretinal laser coagulation performed using laser radiation with wavelengths of 532 and 577 nm in the treatment of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Material and Methods. The study included 32 patients (64 eyes) with stage 1-3 proliferative retinopathy. Patients were divided into two groups by random sampling depending on the wavelength of laser radiation used for PRC (577 nm — group 1, and 532 nm — group 2). The neovascular process activity was assessed by the dynamics of the fluorescence-angiographic picture and the level of vasoproliferative factor in the tear 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results. The conducted studies have shown that laser coagulation performed by both wavelengths is an effective treatment for retinopathy, but gives a delayed effect. After 1-3 months in the first group and 1-6 months in the second one after its implementation, there is an increase in the neovascularization activity and an increase in the VEGF-A level in the lacrimal fluid. In terms of the number and severity of temporary side effects, PRC is the leader using a wavelength of 532 nm, which is eliminated only by 12 months of observation. Conclusion. When using a 577 nm laser, the neovascular process is most quickly stabilized (p<0.05), which makes it possible to consider the use of this wavelength as the most preferable.

Objective: to create an easy-to-use method for determining the parameters of the frontal sinus in the preoperative period for more effective and safe surgical treatment of the patient. Material and Methods. An algorithm for obtaining parametric projections of the frontal sinus, based on computed tomography of the head. Results. A parametric model of the frontal sinus with indication of its boundaries, wall thickness and depth was constructed on the basis of high-resolution computer tomograms. Using reference points and data of computer tomograms, a stencil of the frontal sinus was formed with its subsequent fixation on the front surface of the forehead, which can be a guide when choosing the optimal place for trepanation in surgical practice. Conclusion. The proposed method allows in the absence of expensive equipment, minimal costs and the need for personnel training to obtain an accurate parametric projection of the frontal sinus, containing the necessary information about the thickness of its walls and depth.