2018, volume 14

The aim of the study is to assess the attitude to influenza prevention among medical students. Material and Methods. The survey of first-year students of Saratov State Medical University n.a. V. I. Razumovsky was conducted (n=110). Results included an analysis of the prevalence of different influenza prevention methods. We have identified the main causes of failures of specific influenza prevention and identified the most common ways of non-specific prevention. Conclusion. Despite the fact that the majority of students consider it necessary to carry out specific prevention of influenza, active immunization is used only by 15% of the surveyed students. Others prefer the methods of nonspecific prophylaxis of influenza.

The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the main problems of rehabilitation aid to children who underwent neuroinfection. Material and Methods. Statistical evaluation of the results of the survey of doctors, nurses and heads of medical organizations (n=690) of various regions of the Russian Federation involved in the treatment of children with neuroinfections. These results were compared with the opinion of experts of the leading organization that provides assistance to this category of children at the Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of Federal Medical and Biological Agency (n=121). Results. Specialists of all institutions note the growing need for children in rehabilitation activities after neuroinfections. 20,7% of specialists from regional medical organizations and 22,4% of experts from Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of Federal Medical and Biological Agency indicate that continuity between medical organizations of different levels of medical care for children who have undergone neuroinfection is rather ineffective. The survey found that 25,9% of specialists of regional medical organizations pointed to funding problems. 28,3% of regional specialists indicated an insufficient number of medical organizations providing rehabilitation to children, and 59,0% of specialists from regions and 50,2% of Pediatric Research and Clinical Center for Infectious Diseases of Federal Medical and Biological Agency experts indicated the need to improve the legislative base. In addition, the interviewed experts ascertained an insufficient number of doctors and nurses in the organizations of the profile in question. Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the main problems in the organization of children's medical rehabilitation were established. This work can be one of the reasons for making management decisions aimed at improving the quality of this type of care for children who have undergone neuroinfections.

The purpose is to study the dynamics of general and primary incidence of eye diseases and accessory apparatus among the population of the Central Black Earth region for the period 2008-2017, in comparison with similar indicators in the Russian Federation. Material and Methods. The article presents the data on the dynamics of general and primary incidence of eye diseases as a whole, as well as myopia and cataracts in comparison with Russia and the five regions of the Central Black Earth region (Belgorod, Voronezh, Kursk, Lipetsk, Tambov) from 2008 till 2017 Results. A comparative analysis of morbidity indicators allowed us to identify regions that are unfavorable for ocular morbidity in general and for cataracts and myopia in particular. Conclusion. The total incidence of eye diseases among the population of Russia in 2008 accounted 10994,0±2,6 cases, over ten years there was a decrease to 10370,9±2,5 cases per 100000 persons. The primary incidence rate of eye diseases among the population of Russia in 2008 accounted 3422±1,5 cases, over a ten-year period there was a decrease to 3161,1±1,4 cases per 100000 persons. Among the regions of the Central Black Earth region in the Belgorod region, the indicators studied are higher than the average in Russia. The incidence of eye diseases, in particular, cataracts and myopia tends to decrease. However, its level remains significantly high, which requires the improvement of organization of eye care and the development of measures aimed at preventing the development of eye pathology.

New medical and information technologies meet a global challenge in the world health system. In developed countries there are legislative and financial arrangements for the transfer of the national health service in digital format. Russia also keeps up with global economic trends: regulatory and legislative acts have been adopted to ensure the transition to digital healthcare, the state program of digital medicine has been approved, and a list of priority tasks proposed for implementation by 2025 has been defined. The author examines the various concepts and directions of the movement to digital health, adopted in some countries and in Russia, analyzes the current state of affairs in the Russian digital health, forming predictive estimates for the future.

The review analyzes the recent publications of the results of the use of molecular genetic markers of bladder cancer (RMP) in clinical practice. The prospects of application of a series of molecules determined in tumor tissue, serum, urine in the diagnosis of RMP are presented. One ofthe most promising areas of finding a marker forthe diagnosis and control of treatment of RMP in recent years are the study ofthe proteomic composition of urine.

Purpose: to determine the role of chronic inflammation in deciduous teeth data in the formation of dentigerous (follicular) cysts of the jaws in children; to considerthe pathophysiological mechanism of follicular cysts formation. Material and Methods. Case histories of 134 patients of the department of maxillofacial surgery (dentistry) "Nizhny Novgorod regional children's hospital" from 2003 to 2013 with a diagnosis of "follicular jaw cyst" with different localization. Results. The dental status, specifically centers of chronic inflammation, in the area of follicular cyst formation was assessed. The connection with the ecological situation of the residence area of patients with the prevalence of follicular cysts of the jaws in children was found. Conclusion. The key role of chronic inflammation in the form of complicated forms of caries of temporary teeth for the development of follicular cysts of the jaws. The data of the study (the important role of chronic inflammation of the deciduous teeth in the formation of follicular cysts of the jaws in children) adverse environmental conditions of the place of residence will help to develop principles of prevention and examination for early detection of pathological changes.

The relevance of studying of an etiology and pathogenesis of a microbial eczema is caused by the fact that it is one of the most widespread chronic dermatosises which exerts stress impact and leads to essential restrictions in all spheres of activity of the person. In the last decade earlier beginning of a dermatosis, the increasing weight, synchronization of a current with a frequent long recurrence, the considerable distribution of skin pathological process and also formation of resistance to the standard methods of therapy is noted. The data of the Russian and foreign authors concerning the main questions of an etiology and a pathogenesis of a microbial eczema are presented in the review. The epidemiology of this pathology in population is described. Connection of a microbial eczema with influence of microorganisms, violation of work of digestive tract, is analyzed by an angiopathy, pathology of endocrine and nervous systems; changes of the immune answer are noted.

Aim: to study changes in the level of cortisol in children in the acute period of respiratory viral infection, depending on the etiology, severity of the disease and the presence and nature of the developed complications to establish an adaptation option. Material and Methods. 74 patients aged 1 to 10 years on day 1-3 from the beginning ofARVI (adeno-virus, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial infection and mixed infection) and 15 healthy children were examined. The etiology ofARVI was established by PCR. Patients in the first three days from the beginning ofARVI were determined by the level of cortisol by the method, according to the indications, chest x-ray examination was performed. The type of adaptive response in children was determined by the value of the lymphocytic index and the level of cortisol in the blood serum. Results. The study showed that in children with ARVI there is a different reaction of the adrenal glands to the disease, which is characterized by both an increase and a decrease in their function. An increase in cortisol concentration characteristic of an adequate adaptation reaction was found in 59.2% of patients. In 12.3% of children noted a decrease in cortisol compared with the control group, in the remaining patients (28.5%) cortisol content did not differ from that in healthy children. Adaptation by the reaction type of "stress" alarm stage was observed in 37.1 % of children, the reaction of "stress" in the stage of resistance at 14.3% of patients, the reaction of "stress" with the development

The purpose was to analyze the risk factors for the development of perinatal lesions of the central nervous system and to identify cause-effect relationships. Material and Methods. The retrospective analysis of primary documentation: history of childbirth and history of development of newborns is carried out. The work is based on the results of a comprehensive clinical and neurological examination, neurosonographic data and individual laboratory parameters. Results. In 2017 in the clinical perinatal center of the Saratov region 3301 births were conducted, of which the first delivery was performed in 69,4%, repeated in 30,6% and cesarean section in 41,2% of women. Hypoxic-ischemic disorders were observed in 928 newborns (27,7%). Children with low Apgar score had a combined genesis of chronic intrauterine hypoxia and acute asphyxia in childbirth in 3.8% of cases. Intraventricular hemorrhages (IHD) were diagnosed in 4,3% of cases, birth injuries in 3,6%. Congenital malformations of the central nervous system (CNS) were detected in 31 children (24,4%). Conclusion. The pathological course of pregnancy, problematic natural childbirth and emergency cesarean section are the most frequent risk

Purpose: analysis and comparison of the degree of intraocular pressure (IOP) compensation, the presence and nature of postoperative complications in traditional sinustrabeculectomy (STE) and STE using biodegradable drainage. Material and Methods. Surgical intervention — sinustrabeculectomy (53 — traditional, 53 — using drainage, DDA drainage type) was performed with stationary diagnosis (106 patients) with a verified diagnosis of "primary open-angle glaucoma" (106 eyes). A comparative analysis was carried out for the stages of glaucoma, the degree of compensation of IOP, the presence and nature of postoperative complications. Results. In the course of sinustrabeculectomy with the use of drainage, a high level of the degree of IOP compensation and a low level of postoperative complications were noted in comparison with traditional sinustrabeculectomy. Gradual resorption of drainage prevents sharp decrease in ophthalmotonus, which allows to significantly reduce the risk of postoperative complications. At the same time, the presence of drainage interferes with the adhesion of the scleral flap and contributes to the gradual formation of a filtration pillow, which, accordingly, leads to a prolonged hypotensive effect. Conclusion. Sinustrabeculectomy with the use of drainage is pathogenetically grounded, which does not complicate the operation, it allows to achieve a persistent and prolonged hypotensive effect and to reduce the risk of postoperative complications.