epilepsy

Objective: to analyze the prevalence of epilepsy among adult population and the use of antiepileptic drugs (AED) in the Republic of Bashkortostan (RB) in 2013-2017. Material and Methods. Analysis of prevalence of etiological forms of epilepsy and used AEDs was carried out by analyzing data from annual reports of the neurological service of outpatient and inpatient medical institutions in cities and regions of the Republic of Bashkortostan, data of clinical examination of patients with a reliable diagnosis of epilepsy, as well as data from the Medical Information and Analytical Center (MIAC). Results. The prevalence of epilepsy in the Republic of Bashkortostan for the study period was 291.7- 325.8 case per 100 thousand population, which were most often recorded in central and eastern regions of the republic. The average age of patients ranged from 30.5±1.3to 41.8±0.2year. The ratio of men to women was approximately similar: 1.1:1.0. Cases of symptomatic epilepsy ranged from 82.6 to 46.5%. Among AEDs, carbamazepine was mainly used with a frequency of up to 47.4% and valproic acid with a frequency up to 32.9%. New generation drugs (parampanel) were rarely used (2.4%). Conclusion. The study of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of epilepsy is important for systemic organization of specific therapeutic and diagnostic measures and the creation of a specialized service to improve the quality of life of patients with epilepsy.

The purpose of this review is to carry out the analysis of published data on comorbidity of migraine and epilepsy. The review is based on results of epidemiological and genetic studies. Clinical manifestations of two diseases are in many respects similar, which sometimes leads to considerable difficulties in diagnostics. Differential diagnosis is based on careful analysis of clinical manifestations, electroencephalography and neuroimaging data. Genetic forms of epilepsy are often accompanied by migrainous headaches. The unity of some pathophysiological mechanisms of epilepsy and migraine predefines comorbidity and directions of diagnostics and treatment for both diseases. Nevertheless, there is a number of questions which demand more precise answers to improve diagnostics and treatment.

Somatosensory evoked potentials and cardiointervalometry can be used as additional methods of examination of patients with epilepsy. Aim: determination of relationships between functional state of the brain and stress on regulatory systems, so as to assess the adaptive potential of male and female patients with epilepsy. Materials and methods. 46 male patients (group 1) and 34 female patients (group 2) diagnosed with epilepsy participated in the study. Analyzed parameters included maximum amplitude, total area of somatosensory evoked potentials and cardio-intervalometric parameters. Results. In patients with epilepsy, there is an increase in EAP indicators that suggestive of increased neu-ronal synchronization. However, with hyperventilation physiological probe, male patients demonstrated inhibition while female patients demonstrated stimulating effect of the brain. This tendency persisted in both groups of patients after hyperventilation. Cardiointervalometric findings in female patients were consistent with vagotony, indicative of normal activity of regulatory systems and the autonomous regulation of heart rhythm. Male patients with epilepsy require significant energy in order to adapt to the load, resulting to stress of regulatory systems. Conclusion. Additional methods of examination identify features of the functional state of the brain and stress on regulatory systems in male and female patients with epilepsy. Signs of disadaptation and unfavorable course ofthe disease allow timely diagnosis and improve the quality of life ofthe patient.

The aim of the review is try to systematize the innovative achievements of modern epileptology and indicate the levels of diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy that are not sufficiently developed, from our point of view. Applied to epileptology, the innovation process is realized at all levels. In principle, you can divide the entire process into a diagnostic and treatment level. Promising in the diagnosis of epilepsy should be considered the analysis of age characteristics, new methods of EEG analysis and evoked potentials, innovative methods of functional neuroimaging, genetic testing. New anticonvulsants with the original mechanism of action allow to overcome pharmaco-resistance of epilepsy in a number of observations. In rare cases it is necessary to use minimally invasive surgical methods of treatment.

Migraine and epilepsy are diseases characterized by paroxysmal occurring clinical manifestations that have different mechanisms of pathogenesis. In the interictal period in 59% of patients with epilepsy there are different types of primary headache: 18%, migraine without aura, 33% from tension-type headache, and 8% not classified headache. We have analyzed clinical and electrophysiological pattern in patients with migraine and idiopathic generalized epilepsy. A preliminary analysis of the clinical picture of headaches in adult patients suffering from idiopathic generalized epilepsy suggests that migraine occurs more often in patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy, whereas among patients with focal symptomatic epilepsy is more common patients with secondary headache

The goal of the research is the analysis of work of adult antiepileptic service over the period of ten years. Individual cards of 9634 patients treated by the epileptologist were studied. More than a half of patients were no older 30 years. Focal epilepsy prevailed in all age groups. Treatment in a mode of monotherapy was received by 65,9 % of patients.Frequency of remission of epilepsy considerably increased after treatment correction by epileptologist. Pregnancy did not worsen the course of epilepsy at adequate monitoring of treatment.

Aim. The study was undertaken to identify the features of neurological and cognitive changes in idiopathic epilepsy based on neurological and neuropsychological research. Methods. A total of 105 patients with idiopathic epilepsy at the age of 16 to 45 years. In orderto identify features neuropsychological disturbances, all patients were systematized by the nature and frequency of seizures. Results. As a result of the work identified major the nature neurological and neuropsychological symptoms and syndromes of primary stages of encephalopathy in patients with idiopathic epilepsy

Epidemiological aspects of disease and prevalence of epilepsy depending on age are submitted. Questions of pathophysiologic laws of occurrence andcurrentofidiopathic and cryptogenic epilepsy during the various age periods are discussed. Some mechanisms of formation EEG in norm and at epilepsy, and also age changes ofEEG- parameters are considered.