№4, 2018, volume 14

 Uveitis can develop in various systemic diseases of connective tissue. This article provides data on modern methods of treatment for such cases of uveitis. Uveitis in systemic diseases of the connective tissue develops due to violations of cellular and humoral immunity. Given the pathogenesis of the primary disorder, treatment of uveitis in systemic diseases of connective tissue involves use of cytotoxic drugs, TNFa inhibitors, cytokines, antibodies to lymphocyte surface antigens, and immunoglobulins. Due to the chronic course of the disorder and frequent relapses, it is advisable to use local and systemic glucocorticoid drugs with prolonged effect. The combined corticosteroid drug diprospan containing the two active ingredients of betamethasone provides a combination of immediate and prolonged effects, thereby improving patient's clinical condition and prolonging the period of remission.

Bacterial collagenase has been used in Russian ophthalmology for more than 40 years, its official medical use is allowed since 1983 Collagenase is used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of ophthalmopathology For the treatment of vitreoretinal pathology the drug has been used since 1996 To date, quite a lot of experience in the use of bacterial collagenase for the treatment of vitreoretinal pathology has been accumulated. The article presents the literature data on the possibilities of using the drug in various areas of vitreoretinal pathology and the prospects of expanding the indications for the use of the drug in a wider ophthalmic practice.

Bacterial collagenase has been used in Russian ophthalmology for more than 40 years, its official medical use is allowed since 1983 Collagenase is used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of ophthalmopathology For the treatment of vitreoretinal pathology the drug has been used since 1996 To date, quite a lot of experience in the use of bacterial collagenase for the treatment of vitreoretinal pathology has been accumulated. The article presents the literature data on the possibilities of using the drug in various areas of vitreoretinal pathology and the prospects of expanding the indications for the use of the drug in a wider ophthalmic practice.

This literature review examines the potential diagnostic contribution of syndromes and cardiovascular diseases: hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular dystonia, and cerebrovascular pathology in the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The study of relationships is relevant due to the commonality of some pathogenetic factors of POAG and these diseases and syndromes. It is necessary to take into account the effect of comorbid pathology in the early diagnosis of POAG, which will improve its quality, and the correction of associated disorders will contribute to the effectiveness of complex treatment of the disease.

The review of the literature covers etiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations and the main methods of treatment of ocular rosacea. Rosacea is one of the common chronic skin diseases with a diverse clinical picture. Ophthalmological manifestations of the disease are associated with affect to the cornea, conjunctiva and eyelids. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood currently. Pathological processes in ocular rosacea are associated with disorders in vascular, immune and nervous systems, as well as with the influence of a number of microorganisms. In the treatment of ocular rosacea drugs of local and systemic action are used. Systemic therapy includes tetracycline and macrolide antibiotics and angioprotectors. Local therapy is associated with the use of artificial tears, anti-inflammatory drugs and local antibiotics. In severe cases of ocular rosacea surgical management is required.

In the literature review were considered both well-established and modern physiotherapeutic methods used in the treatment of diseases of the anterior eye segment. Also, were presented the methods of combined effects of physical factors and pharmacological drugs, new methods of physiotherapy effects, were described the advantages and disadvantages, reinforcing the well-established recommendations of new modifications based on clinical trials.

Today allergic eye diseases are the one of most important problems for modern medicine. Despite that many literature sources characterize eye disorders in allergy, finding an effective therapy for these conditions is still a serious issue for ophthalmologists. Effective treatment of allergic conjunctivitis requires clear understanding of pathogenesis of this disease. According to this conception physician can build the plan of therapy for individual patient with the choice of proper drug. This article is a systemic review of latest data from literature that is devoted to pathogenetic therapy of allergic conjunctivitis. Analysis of many scientific works shows that olopatadine and cromoglicic acid are the most useful drugs among modern medications.

This review focuses on prolonged dosage form — ophthalmic medicinal films. The composition, method of manufacturing the main eye films used in ophthalmology, the mechanism of prolongation of the immobilized drug substance are considered. The evacuation of the antibiotic from the polymer matrix, the pharmacokinetics of the drug, the therapeutic effect of the use of films was studied. When using eye films with an antibiotic in the chamber moisture of the eye, a therapeutically effective concentration of the drug substance is created and maintained for a long time. Ophthalmic medicinal films have significant advantages over the widely used methods of preoperative prevention of infection complications. Of great interest are eye films with fluoroquinolones based on a polysaccharide-modified matrix. Developed ophthalmic medicinal films have, in addition to the specific biological effects of an effective antibiotic, additional desired properties. The most promising forms of eye films for the prevention and treatment of intraocular infection are highlighted.

Abnormality of hyaloid artery reverse development leads to opacity of eyeball transparent media and formation of congenital cataracts. Purpose of the study was to identify individual, age, sex differences and the growth rate of the hyaloid artery of fetuses artery in the intermediate fetal period prenatal ontogenesis with the help of intravital ultrasound imaging method. Material and Methods. The object of the study were 100 fetus eyeballs at the age of 16-27 weeks of prenatal ontogenesis. The study was performed on Samsung HS 70 (A) by a microconvex sensor 5-9 MHz. All objects were divided into age groups (the first group: 16-19 weeks, the second group: 20-23 weeks and the third group: 24-27 weeks). Of these, 50% are male, 50% are female. Results. The length of the hyaloid artery in the fetuses in the intermediate fetal period of prenatal ontogenesis was studied by ultrasound in vivo imaging. It averaged in the first group 44±09 mm, the second is 5.4±0.6 mm, the third 8.5±0.8 mm. Bilateral differences were not detected. Differences in growth rates of male and female fetuses are revealed. Conclusion. The length of the hyaloid artery can be studied by in vivo imaging. The hyaloid artery has no pronounced bilateral and sexual differences. Differences in growth hyaloid artery in fetuses of different sex, which was a uniform increase in its length in female fetuses and heterochronic growth of the fetuses is male.

The cinical case of rod-cone dystrophy (retinitis pigmentosa sine pigmento) in a patient with mutation in GUCY2D gene is described Mutations in GUCY2D gene are the common cause of Leber Congenital Amaurosis (LCA1, OMIM 204000), central areolarchoroidal dystrophy (CACD1 OMIM 215500), mutations in heterozygous, compound heterozygous and homozygous state are described in cone dystrophy CORD6 (OMIM 601777), but have not been described in rod-cone dystrophy. In patient who complained of nictalopia decrease of the best corrected visual acuity to 0.7 OD and 0.9 OS was revealed. Maximal electroretinogram was subnormal, which indicated decrease in the function of peripheral retina. 30 Hz flicker and macular ERG were within normal range. Not described previously as pathogenic variant of nucleotide sequence in exon 11 of GUCY2D gene (chrl 7:7916486G>A), causing missense mutation (p. Gly727Ser, NM_000180.3) in heterozygous state in patient was revealed. Thus we are first to describe genotype-phenotype associations of rod-cone degeneration with mentioned above pathological in GUCY2D gene.