Saratov JOURNAL of Medical and Scientific Research

2018, volume 14

Hemostasis test parameters in patients requiring revision knee arthroplasty

Year: 2018, volume 14 Issue: №2 Pages: 266-271
Heading: Traumatology and Orthopedics Article type: Original article
Authors: Girkalo M.V., Shakhmartova S.G., Shpinyak S.P., Mandrov A.V., Kozadaev M.N., Puchinyan D.M.
Organization:
Summary:

Objective: comparative analysis of the blood coagulation system in patients requiring revision arthroplasty of the knee joint in connection with the developed infectious and aseptic complications after total arthroplasty. Material and Methods. 37 patients with complications of total knee replacement were examined. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st — with signs of suppuration (n=19); 2nd — withsigns of aseptic instability of the endoprosthesis components (n=18). The control group consisted of 22 conditionally healthy people. Studied screening coagulation: activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, fbrinogen concentration, thrombin time, antithrombin III, protein C, the content of soluble fbrin-monomer complexes and D-dimers. Results. There was an increase in activated partial thromboplastin time in patients of group 2, prothrombin time — in patients of groups 1 and 2 compared with the data obtained in the control group (p<0.001). An increase in the content of soluble fbrin- monomer complexes and D-dimers was recorded in the blood plasma of patients of the 1st and 2nd groups compared to their level in the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion. The data of local coagulogram tests in patients requiring revision arthroplasty of the knee joint refect the signs of maladaptation in the hemostatic system at the preoperative stage of examination. It is worth noting the lack of information content of the screening coagulogram, as its basic tests do not refect changes in the whole system of homeostasis, the search for new informative research methods remains relevant today.

Keywords:

Modern approaches to treatment of uveitis in systemic diseases of connective tissue

Year: 2018, volume 14 Issue: №4 Pages: 956-960
Heading: Ophtalmology Article type: Review
Authors: Kamalova K.B., Zakirkhodjayev R.A., Asrorkhodjayeva I.R.
Organization: Tashkent Medical Academy
Summary:

 Uveitis can develop in various systemic diseases of connective tissue. This article provides data on modern methods of treatment for such cases of uveitis. Uveitis in systemic diseases of the connective tissue develops due to violations of cellular and humoral immunity. Given the pathogenesis of the primary disorder, treatment of uveitis in systemic diseases of connective tissue involves use of cytotoxic drugs, TNFa inhibitors, cytokines, antibodies to lymphocyte surface antigens, and immunoglobulins. Due to the chronic course of the disorder and frequent relapses, it is advisable to use local and systemic glucocorticoid drugs with prolonged effect. The combined corticosteroid drug diprospan containing the two active ingredients of betamethasone provides a combination of immediate and prolonged effects, thereby improving patient's clinical condition and prolonging the period of remission.

Keywords: cytostatic drugs, glucocorticoids hormones, systemic diseases of connective tissue, TNF a inhibitors, uveitis

Bacterial collagenase in the treatment of vitreoretinal pathology

Year: 2018, volume 14 Issue: №4 Pages: 953-956
Heading: Ophtalmology Article type: Review
Authors: Zgoba M.l., Lyskin P.V., Makarenko I.R.
Organization: The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Summary:

Bacterial collagenase has been used in Russian ophthalmology for more than 40 years, its official medical use is allowed since 1983 Collagenase is used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of ophthalmopathology For the treatment of vitreoretinal pathology the drug has been used since 1996 To date, quite a lot of experience in the use of bacterial collagenase for the treatment of vitreoretinal pathology has been accumulated. The article presents the literature data on the possibilities of using the drug in various areas of vitreoretinal pathology and the prospects of expanding the indications for the use of the drug in a wider ophthalmic practice.

Keywords: collagen, collagenase, vitreous

Bacterial collagenase in the treatment of vitreoretinal pathology

Year: 2018, volume 14 Issue: №4 Pages: 953-956
Heading: Ophtalmology Article type: Review
Authors: Zgoba M.l., Lyskin P.V., Makarenko I.R.
Organization: The S. Fyodorov Eye Microsurgery Federal State Institution
Summary:

Bacterial collagenase has been used in Russian ophthalmology for more than 40 years, its official medical use is allowed since 1983 Collagenase is used in the treatment of a broad spectrum of ophthalmopathology For the treatment of vitreoretinal pathology the drug has been used since 1996 To date, quite a lot of experience in the use of bacterial collagenase for the treatment of vitreoretinal pathology has been accumulated. The article presents the literature data on the possibilities of using the drug in various areas of vitreoretinal pathology and the prospects of expanding the indications for the use of the drug in a wider ophthalmic practice.

Keywords: collagen, collagenase, vitreous

Comorbidity of diseases of the cardiovascular system and primary open-angle glaucoma

Year: 2018, volume 14 Issue: №4 Pages: 949-953
Heading: Ophtalmology Article type: Review
Authors: Zagidullina A.Sh., Latypova Е.А., Nugmanova A.R.
Organization: Bashkir State Medical University of the Russian Health Care
Summary:

This literature review examines the potential diagnostic contribution of syndromes and cardiovascular diseases: hypertension, atherosclerosis, vascular dystonia, and cerebrovascular pathology in the development of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). The study of relationships is relevant due to the commonality of some pathogenetic factors of POAG and these diseases and syndromes. It is necessary to take into account the effect of comorbid pathology in the early diagnosis of POAG, which will improve its quality, and the correction of associated disorders will contribute to the effectiveness of complex treatment of the disease.

Keywords: primary open-angle glaucoma, risk factors

Ocular rosacea: etiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations and main methods of treatment

Year: 2018, volume 14 Issue: №4 Pages: 946-949
Heading: Ophtalmology Article type: Review
Authors: Mustafina G.R., Khismatullina Z.R., Sattarova R.R.
Organization: Bashkir State Medical University of the Russian Health Care, ZAO Optimedservis
Summary:

The review of the literature covers etiology, pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical manifestations and the main methods of treatment of ocular rosacea. Rosacea is one of the common chronic skin diseases with a diverse clinical picture. Ophthalmological manifestations of the disease are associated with affect to the cornea, conjunctiva and eyelids. The etiology and pathogenesis of the disease is not fully understood currently. Pathological processes in ocular rosacea are associated with disorders in vascular, immune and nervous systems, as well as with the influence of a number of microorganisms. In the treatment of ocular rosacea drugs of local and systemic action are used. Systemic therapy includes tetracycline and macrolide antibiotics and angioprotectors. Local therapy is associated with the use of artificial tears, anti-inflammatory drugs and local antibiotics. In severe cases of ocular rosacea surgical management is required.

Keywords: ocular rosacea, rosacea

Physiotherapy in diseases of the anterior segment of the eye

Year: 2018, volume 14 Issue: №4 Pages: 941-945
Heading: Ophtalmology Article type: Review
Authors: Nazarova Е.М., Azamatova G.A., Akhtyamov A.E., Iseeva D.R.
Organization: Bashkir State Medical University of the Russian Health Care
Summary:

In the literature review were considered both well-established and modern physiotherapeutic methods used in the treatment of diseases of the anterior eye segment. Also, were presented the methods of combined effects of physical factors and pharmacological drugs, new methods of physiotherapy effects, were described the advantages and disadvantages, reinforcing the well-established recommendations of new modifications based on clinical trials.

Keywords: diseases of the anterior segment of the eye, electrophoresis, magnetotherapy, phonophoresis

Modern approach to therapy of allergic conjunctivitis

Year: 2018, volume 14 Issue: №4 Pages: 938-941
Heading: Ophtalmology Article type: Review
Authors: Narzikulova K.l., Mirrakhimova S.Sh., Safarov J.O., Ibragimova N.N.
Organization: Buhara state medical institute, Tashkent Medical Academy
Summary:

Today allergic eye diseases are the one of most important problems for modern medicine. Despite that many literature sources characterize eye disorders in allergy, finding an effective therapy for these conditions is still a serious issue for ophthalmologists. Effective treatment of allergic conjunctivitis requires clear understanding of pathogenesis of this disease. According to this conception physician can build the plan of therapy for individual patient with the choice of proper drug. This article is a systemic review of latest data from literature that is devoted to pathogenetic therapy of allergic conjunctivitis. Analysis of many scientific works shows that olopatadine and cromoglicic acid are the most useful drugs among modern medications.

Keywords: allergic conjunctivitis, allergy, antihistamine drugs, pollinosis

Ophthalmic medicinal films in the prevention of infectious and inflammatory complications

Year: 2018, volume 14 Issue: №4 Pages: 933-938
Heading: Ophtalmology Article type: Review
Authors: Aznabaev М.Т., Azamatova G.A., Gaysina G.Ya.
Organization: Bashkir State Medical University of the Russian Health Care
Summary:

This review focuses on prolonged dosage form — ophthalmic medicinal films. The composition, method of manufacturing the main eye films used in ophthalmology, the mechanism of prolongation of the immobilized drug substance are considered. The evacuation of the antibiotic from the polymer matrix, the pharmacokinetics of the drug, the therapeutic effect of the use of films was studied. When using eye films with an antibiotic in the chamber moisture of the eye, a therapeutically effective concentration of the drug substance is created and maintained for a long time. Ophthalmic medicinal films have significant advantages over the widely used methods of preoperative prevention of infection complications. Of great interest are eye films with fluoroquinolones based on a polysaccharide-modified matrix. Developed ophthalmic medicinal films have, in addition to the specific biological effects of an effective antibiotic, additional desired properties. The most promising forms of eye films for the prevention and treatment of intraocular infection are highlighted.

Keywords: intraocular infection, ophthalmic medicinal films, prevention

Characteristics of the fetal hyaloid artery in the intermediate fetal period of human ontogenesis

Year: 2018, volume 14 Issue: №4 Pages: 931-933
Heading: Ophtalmology Article type: Original article
Authors: Naidenova S.I., Lutzai E.D., Astafyev I.V.
Organization: Orenburg State Medical University
Summary:

Abnormality of hyaloid artery reverse development leads to opacity of eyeball transparent media and formation of congenital cataracts. Purpose of the study was to identify individual, age, sex differences and the growth rate of the hyaloid artery of fetuses artery in the intermediate fetal period prenatal ontogenesis with the help of intravital ultrasound imaging method. Material and Methods. The object of the study were 100 fetus eyeballs at the age of 16-27 weeks of prenatal ontogenesis. The study was performed on Samsung HS 70 (A) by a microconvex sensor 5-9 MHz. All objects were divided into age groups (the first group: 16-19 weeks, the second group: 20-23 weeks and the third group: 24-27 weeks). Of these, 50% are male, 50% are female. Results. The length of the hyaloid artery in the fetuses in the intermediate fetal period of prenatal ontogenesis was studied by ultrasound in vivo imaging. It averaged in the first group 44±09 mm, the second is 5.4±0.6 mm, the third 8.5±0.8 mm. Bilateral differences were not detected. Differences in growth rates of male and female fetuses are revealed. Conclusion. The length of the hyaloid artery can be studied by in vivo imaging. The hyaloid artery has no pronounced bilateral and sexual differences. Differences in growth hyaloid artery in fetuses of different sex, which was a uniform increase in its length in female fetuses and heterochronic growth of the fetuses is male.

Keywords: sex differences, prenatal ontogenesis, hyaloid artery,, growth rate, bilateral differences, age differences