№3, 2009, volume 5

The article deals with the contemporary data on etiology and pathogenesis of cholelithiasis, the stages of biliary pathology (motorotonic disturbances of gallbladder and sphincteric apparatus of anhepatic biliary tracts — chronic acalculous cholecystitis — cholelithiasis). The factors, affecting the gallbladder stones formation are described.
The problems of pathogenesis of gallbladder cholesterosis are reviewed. The authors come out with an assumption, that disturbances in cholesterol metabolism in the human body play the leading role in the development of this disease.

It is lead randomized prospective research with the double "blind" control over 228 patients of high risk (ASA>III), undergone long and traumatic to operations on bodies of a breast and a stomach. Have excluded from research 133 patients. The staying 95 patients have divided into groups without complications and with complications (accordingly 51 and 44 patients) which one day prior to operation have carried out exercise testing. Investigated: ADP, CPRV, SI, a arterio-ve-nous difference on oxygen, delivery of oxygen to fabrics, consumption of oxygen in fabrics, factor extraction oxygen in tissue, a power exchange. In reply to exercise testing in both groups growth of SI is marked due to a tachycardia and falling CPRV which in group of complication remained above norm. In group without complications it was normalized FEO, 6-v the difference on О became higher than norm, in other group — FEO and б-v a difference on 02 began to exceed norm, and consumption of oxygen has grown almost in 2 times. After exercise testing б-v a difference on 02 and consumption of oxygen were essentially higher in group with complications. The total of complications made — 53, respiratory — 16, inflammatory — 23 and purulent — septic complications — 14. Clinically important connection (p=0,06939) perioperative complications with growth a-v differences on oxygen and a power exchange is received

The weakest unit in treatment of urolithiasis is revealing in each specific case etiological factor of lithogenic and carrying out etiotropic therapy, and, hence prevention of urolithiasis relapse. The study of correlation of hypogonadism through osteosinging with urolithiasis at men is the new perspective direction uniting Endocrinology and somatic Urology.
In prospective cohort research the patients divided into 2 groups have been included: basic group - patients with considerably cured urolithiasis and hypogonadism, received androgenic therapy (30 persons); comparison group -patients with considerably cured urolithiasis and hypogonadism, not receiving androgen therapy (30 persons).
Used: questioning on questionnaire AMS, the International index of erectile functions (IIEF-5), index of weight of a body, haemoglobin, hematocrit, biochemical indicators of blood serum, densitometry, general testosterone, PSA, and ionized calcium.
After contra-indications exception (cancer of prostate gland, expressed increase of haemoglobin and hematocrit) the basic group patients were prescribed one of testosterone group drug during the period not less than 6 months: Androgel (Solvay Pharma), Nebido (Bayer Schering Pharma), Sustanon-250 (Organon), Omnadren-250 (Polfa).
At the moment of the therapy beginning, patients of both groups were comparable in all investigated indices.
Relapse of urolithiasis: against androgenic therapy - 28,6%, in comparison group - 63,2%. The obtained data testify to efficiency of androgenic therapy in respect to prevention of urolithiasis at patients with hypogonadism and confirm the role of hypogonadism as one of etiopathogenetic development factors of urolithiasis.
Androgenic therapy was safe. All patients had insignificant increase of general PSA level and statistically significant increase of haemoglobin and hematocrit indicators. However, the received changes did not demand cancellation, or therapy correction.

With the purpose to increase the efficacy of measures to the primary prophylaxis of duodenal ulcer disease among soldiers and officers, 120 students of higher military educational institutions were examined by means of the psychophysiological tests: brief multifactorial questionnaire for personality research, Ch. Spielberger-Yu. Khanin test, psychogeometrical test, Toronto alexitimitical scale, E. Heim method of coping-behaviour construction. It is revealed, that the increase of tobacco smoking intensity initiates the number of representatives of the III (contradictory) psychophysiological type grow, and it intensifies the probability of duodenal ulcer disease morbidity rise.

The research goal was to study the features of daily dynamics of adrenaline and noradrenaline content in various parts of myocardium at the rats receiving nonalcoholic and alcohol-containing beer at ordinary light regimen. Substantial increase of level of adrenaline and noradrenaline in all parts of myocardium at the rats received nonalcoholic and spirit-based beer in comparison with the control. At the rats received nonalcoholic beer, authentically higher content of adrenaline and low noradrenaline in myocardium in comparison with animals received alcohol-containing beer was observed. The circadian dynamics of catecholamine level in all parts of heart myocardium was disturbed at animals of both experimental groups in comparison with the control. The revealed disturbances of level of daily catecholamine dynamics in myocardium under the influence of beer, undoubtedly, are bound with negative action of nonalcoholic nature ingredients present in beer.
Key words: adrenaline, noradrenaline, myocardium, low alcohol drinks.

The dynamics of catalase activity degree changing in Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa is described under the influence of electro-magnetic radiation on a frequency of nitric oxide absorption and radiation molecular spectrum.
The panoramic spectrometric measuring complex, developed in Central Scientific Research Institute of measuring equipment Public corporation, Saratov, was used while carrying out the research. Electromagnetic vibrations of extremely high frequencies were stimulated in this complex imitating the structure of nitric oxide absorption and radiation molecular spectrum. The growth of activity of the mentioned enzyme of the strains under research was detected. The most significant changes were observed under 60-minutes exposure.

The study material of age differentiation of craniometric parameters according to ephippium center has included 78 lateral head teleroentgenograms of children and youths with neutral occlusion. Craniometric parameters become lower in children aged 13-16 and raise in youth period. It is connected with alteration of main cranicand kephalometric planes towards outer base plane.

Hand roentgenograms of men of mature age have been investigated. Parameters of metacarpal bones length and width of left and right hands have been measured. Displacement of maximal and minimal bilateral asymmetry on II and V rays of hand has been established. The obtained data have been considered from the point of view of fluctuating asymmetry, as an indicator of instability of morphogenesis which has been determined by HOX-genes defining structure of hand in mammals.

Search for compounds which possess antibacterial activity and have an effect on plasmid DNA, is one more of the important problems of applied medicine. Natural substances are the most desirable candidates for this role.
Plasmid DNA excretion was carried out from the strain Echerihiacoli, derived from patient N., who suffered from chronic pyelonephritis, in the bacteriological laboratory of the Regional clinical hospital of Saratov according to the modified method Birnboim and Doli. The calculation of alkaloid concentration was made, e.g. Sanguinarin and Cheler-etrin contained in celandine extract.
The devised method has been tested on five celandine tincture samples, stored for the research of the stability of the content of alkaloids and other quality factors of the given preparation. In so doing the content of the alkaloid sum in tincture changes within the limits of 1 %. Abatement of plasmid DNA concentration after the cell treatment by celandine extract is revealed.

The article presents the history of department of human anatomy at Saratov State Medical University. The department was opened in September, 1909. The stages of its development and the history of scientific school formation are highlighted in this work.